CA Foundation Syllabus 2022: Check Exam Pattern & Syllabus

CA Foundation syllabus Paper 1: Principles and Practice of Accounting 

Chapters in Principles and Practice of Accounting 

Sub-topics

Theoretical Framework 

• Meaning and Scope of accounting
• Accounting Concepts, Principles and Conventions 
• Accounting terminology – Glossary
• Capital and revenue expenditure, Capital and revenue receipts, Contingent assets and contingent liabilities
• Accounting Policies
• Accounting as a Measurement Discipline – Valuation Principles, Accounting Estimates
• Accounting Standards – Concepts and Objectives
• Indian Accounting Standards – Concepts and Objectives

Accounting Process 

• Books of Accounts 
• Preparation of Trial Balance
• Rectification of Errors

Bank Reconciliation Statement 

• Introduction, reasons, preparation of bank reconciliation statement. 

Inventories

• Cost of inventory, Net realizable value, Basis and technique of inventory valuation and record keeping.

Concept and Accounting of Depreciation

• Concepts, Methods of computation and accounting treatment of depreciation, Change in depreciation methods. 

Accounting for Special Transactions

• Bills of exchange and promissory notes

1. Meaning of Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes and their Accounting Treatment; Accommodation bills
2. Sale of goods on approval or return basis
3. Meaning of goods sent on approval or return basis and accounting treatment

• Consignments

1. Meaning and Features of consignment business, Difference between sale and consignment, Accounting treatments for consignment transactions and events in the books of consignor and consignee. 

• Average due Date

1. Meaning, Calculation of the average due date in various situations

• Account Current

1. Meaning of Account Current, Methods of preparing Account Current.

Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors 

• Elements of financial statements, Closing Adjustment Entries, Trading accounts, Profit and Loss Accounts and Balance Sheets of Manufacturing and Non-manufacturing entities

Partnership Accounts 

• Final Accounts of Partnership Firms
• Admission, Retirement and Death of a Partner, including Treatment of Goodwill 
• Introduction to LLPs and Distinction of LLPs from Partnership

Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations 

Significance of Receipt and Payment Account, Income and Expenditure Account and Balance Sheet, Difference between Profit and Loss Account and Income and Expenditure Account. Preparation of Receipt and Payment Account, Income and Expenditure Account and Balance Sheet

Introduction to Company Accounts

• Definition of shares and debentures 
• Issue of shares and debentures, forfeiture of shares, re-issue of forfeited shares 
• Statement of Profit and Loss and Balance Sheet as per Schedule III to the Companies Act, 2013.

CA Foundation Syllabus Paper 2: Business Laws 

Chapters in Business Laws

Sub-topics  

The Indian Contract Act, 1872

An overview of Sections 1 to 75 covers the general nature of the contract, consideration, other essential elements of a valid contract, performance of the contract, breach of contract, Contingent and Quasi Contract. 

The Sale of Goods Act, 1930

Formation of the contract of sale, Conditions and Warranties, Transfer of ownership and delivery of goods, Unpaid seller and his rights.

The Indian Partnership Act, 1932

General Nature of Partnership, Rights and duties of partners, Reconstitution of firms, Registration and dissolution of a firm

The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008

Introduction- covering nature and scope, Essential features, characteristics of LLP, Incorporation and differences with other forms of organizations

The Companies Act, 2013

Essential features of the company, corporate veil theory, Classes of companies, types of share capital, Incorporation of company, Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, Doctrine of Indoor Management 

CA Foundation Syllabus Paper 2: Business Correspondence And Reporting

Chapters in Business Correspondence And Reporting

Sub-topics 

The Indian Contract Act, 1872

An overview of Sections 1 to 75 covers the general nature of the contract, consideration, other essential elements of a valid contract, performance of the contract, breach of contract, Contingent and Quasi Contract. 

The Sale of Goods Act, 1930

Formation of the contract of sale, Conditions and Warranties, Transfer of ownership and delivery of goods, Unpaid seller and his rights.

The Indian Partnership Act, 1932

General Nature of Partnership, Rights and duties of partners, Reconstitution of firms, Registration and dissolution of a firm

The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008

Introduction- covering nature and scope, Essential features, characteristics of LLP, Incorporation and differences with other forms of organizations

The Companies Act, 2013

Essential features of the company, corporate veil theory, Classes of companies, types of share capital, Incorporation of company, Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association, Doctrine of Indoor Management 

Communication

(i) Types 

(ii) Directions 

(iii) Network 

(iv) Process 

(v) Problems 

(vi) Barriers 

(vii) Types of Communication

a) Interpersonal Skills

b) Listening Skills

c) Emotional Intelligence

(Sample Questions with Answers (ix) Exercises.

Sentence Types (Direct-Indirect, Active-Passive Speech) 

(i) Sentence: Definition 

(ii) Classification of sentence based on connotation 

a) Assertive sentences 

b) Interrogative sentences 

c) Imperative sentences d) Exclamatory sentences 

e) Optative sentences

(iii) Sentence Structure 

a) Subject and Predicate 

b) Verb (Auxiliary, Finite) 

c) Object (Direct, Indirect) 

d) Complement 

e) Adjunct or Adverbial 

f) Clause Structure 

g) Types of Clauses – Independent clauses – Dependent clauses – Relative or noun clauses 

(iv) Types of sentences

a) Simple sentence

b) Compound sentence

c) Complex sentence

d) Compound-complex sentence

(v) Direct-Indirect Speech

a) Introduction

b) Procedure for converting Direct speech into Indirect speech

– Rules for converting Direct speech into Indirect speech

– Change in pronouns

– Change in tenses

– Change in models

– Changes for Imperative sentences

– Changes for Exclamatory sentences

– Changes for Interrogative sentences

– Punctuation in Direct speech

c) Rules for converting Indirect speech into Direct speech

(vi) Active Passive Voice: Introduction

a) Usage: Active vs. passive voice

b) Reasons for using Passive voice

c) Changing Passive voice to Active voice

d) Changing Active voice to Passive voice

e) Suggestions for using Active and Passive voice

(vii) Verbs Voice Active or passive

(viii) Exercises

Vocabulary Root Words Synonyms, Antonyms, Prefixes, Suffixes), Phrasal verbs, Collocations and Idioms.

(i) Introduction

(ii) Significance of improving vocabulary

(iii) How to improve vocabulary

(iv) Root words

(v) Synonyms and Antonyms

(vi) Words formed by using Prefixes

(vii) Words formed by using Suffixes

(viii) Phrasal verbs

(ix) Collocations

(x) Idioms

(xi) Exercises

Comprehension Passages and Note Making

(i) Introduction to Comprehension Passages

(ii) Points to Ponder

(iii) Sample Passages with answers

(iv) Exercises

Note Making

(i) Introduction to Note Making

(ii) Significance of Note Making

(iii) Detailed Format Heading(Title)

a) Sub-heading

b) Indentation

c) Points

d) Use of abbreviations

e) Summary

f) Content

g) Expression

(iv) Steps to Comprehend and summarize the text

(v) Helpful Hints

(vi) Sample Passages with Notes

(vii) Exercises

Developing Writing Skills

Introduction to Basic Writing

(i) Introduction

(ii) Process of writing

(iii) Styles of Writing

(iv) Significance of writing skills for students

(v) Writing Conventions

(vi) Characteristics of good writing

(vii) Do’s and Don’ts of good writing 

Précis Writing

(i) What is Précis writing?

(ii) Features of good Précis writing

(iii) How to write a Précis

(iv) Do’s and Don’ts of Précis writing

(v) Examples (Passages with Précis) (vi) Exercises 

Article Writing 

(i) What is an Article?

(ii) Essential elements of Article Writing

(iii) Detailed Format

a) Title

b) By- Writer’s Name

c) Body – Introduction – Main Idea-Support – Conclusion

d) Sample Articles

e) Exercises

Report Writing

(i) What is a Report?

(ii) Essential elements of Report Writing

(iii) Kinds of Reports

a) Reporting for a Meeting/Assembly

b) Reporting for a Newspaper

c) Reporting for a Magazine

(iv) Detailed Format for (iii) above

a) Title

b) By- Writer’s Name

c) Place, Date

d) Body – What – When – Where – Who – How

e) Tips and Conventions of Report Writing

f) Sample Reports

g) Exercises 

Writing Formal Letters 

(i) Types of Letters

a) Circulars

b) Complaints

c) Memos

d) Promotional Content

e) Sales

f) Recovery/Remittances

(ii) Detailed format for (i) above

a) Date

b) Salutation

c) Subject

d) Body of the Letter – First paragraph – Second paragraph

e) Complimentary Closure

(iii) Points to Remember

(iv) Sample Letters

(v) Exercises 

Writing Formal Mails

(i) How to Write a Formal Mail?

(ii) Writing Effective Mails

(iii) Essential elements of Mails

a) Subject line

b) Formal Greetings

c) Target Audience(Reader)

d) Clarity and Conciseness

e) Formal Closing

f) Proofread

g) Feedback

(iv) Tips and Conventions of Mails

(v) Sample Mails

(vi) Exercises 

Resume Writing

(i) Essential Elements of Resume

a) Name and contact details

b) Objective Summary

c) Academic Qualifications and Achievements

d) Co-curricular Achievements

e) Training Programs attended/completed

f) Strengths

g) Interests/Hobbies

h) Declaration

i) Signature

(ii) Resume Writing Tips and Conventions

(iii) Sample Resumes

(iv) Exercises

Meetings 

(i) Notice

(ii) Agenda

(iii) Drafting minutes

(iv) Action Taken Report