Dielectric Polarization – Definition & Occurence

Physics is one of the important topics in the JEE Main and Advanced since it is tough. The key to mastering this subject is the basic understanding of all the concepts in physics. Dielectric polarisation in physics is one such basic topic that you should understand to make the subject easy.

What is dielectric polarisation?

Dielectric polarisation is used to describe the behaviour of a material when under the influence of an electric field. A simple example of this is an insulating (dielectric) material in between two conducting parallel plates.

How does Dielectric polarisation occur?

The dielectric polarisation occurs when a dipole moment is formed in an insulating material because of some externally electric field applied to it.

This can be observed when current interacts with an insulating (dielectric) material for a long time, the later will respond with a shift in charge distribution. This charge distribution will be such that the positive charges will align with the electric field and the negative charges will align against it.

Example of Dielectric Polarisation:

A basic picture can be created using a capacitor as an example. A dielectric material in between two conducting parallel plates. The charges in the material will respond to the electric field caused by the plates. By taking advantage of this response, many important circuit elements such as capacitors can be made.

Factors affecting dielectric polarisation:

The following factors can possibly affect the dielectric polarisation of the material.

Electric Field:

The electric field is one of the factors that affects the dielectric polarisation. Since it is the main factor which causes dielectric polarisation.

Electric Field Intensity:

Depending on the intensity of the electric field the dielectric polarisation will change. Change simply means the time period for which the effect of the electric field remains will change.

Heat:

Heat is not necessarily the factor affecting dielectric polarisation. But it may affect the dielectric polarisation depending on the material which is used.

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