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December 18, 2024Guttation: Have you ever seen the shining crystal-like water droplets in the night-time or early in the morning? You must have noticed these water droplets are present at the tip and the margins of the leaves. These water droplets are formed because of a process called Guttation. When we look at a plant, we assume that it works simply.
It takes in water and uses photosynthesis to grow, but they also have a secret life where their survival depends on the balance of water and nutrients. Furthermore, it is important to note that Guttation occurs at night when the soil is moist and the roots absorb water. In this article, we will provide you with all the detailed information about Guttation. Continue reading to find more!
Guttation is defined as the loss or excretion of water in the form of liquid droplets from the tips and margins of the leaves. Or in other words, Guttation is the exudation of drops of xylem sap on the tips or edges of leaves of some vascular plants, such as grasses. Guttation was first studied by Bergerstein in \(1887.\)
Fig: Presence of Water Droplets at the Tips and the Margins of the Leaf
Hydathodes or water stoma are the specialised structures involved in the guttation process. They are different from normal stomata.
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Water lost in Guttation is impure water, i.e., a dilute solution of different inorganic and organic salts. As the water evaporates, the inorganic and organic salts dissolved in guttated liquid accumulate over the surface, forming a sort of rusty white layer. This may remain permanently and eventually cause plasmolysis resulting in the death of underlying tissues.
Below we have provided the difference between Stomata and Hydathode:
Stomata | Hydathode |
Stomata occur on the epidermis of leaves, young stems, etc. | Hydathodes generally occur at the tip or margins of leaves of those plants that grow in moist shady places. |
Two kidney-shaped guard cells guard the stomatal aperture. | The aperture of the hydathode is surrounded by a ring of cuticularised cells. |
Modified epidermal cells or subsidiary cells surround these two guard cells. | The subsidiary cells are absent. |
The opening and closing of the stomatal aperture are regulated by guard cells and internal factors. | Hydathode pores always remain open. There is no closing mechanism for water stoma. |
These structures are involved in transpiration and exchange of gases as well. | These structures are not involved in gaseous exchange. |
Fig: Structure of Stomata
Fig: Structure of Hydathode
We have provided the difference between Guttation and Transpiration below:
Transpiration | Guttation |
It usually occurs during the day. | It usually occurs at night or early in the morning. |
Water is given out in the form of water vapours. | Water is given out in the form of a liquid. |
Several factors are responsible for this process. | This primarily occurs due to higher root pressure. |
Water comes out in the pure form. | Water droplets consist of various organic and inorganic salts dissolved in them. So it is not pure. |
It occurs through stomata, lenticels or cuticles. | It occurs through hydathodes only. |
It is a controlled phenomenon. | It is an uncontrolled phenomenon. |
The significance of Guttation is as follows:
Guttation is defined as the loss or excretion of water in the form of liquid droplets from the tips and margins of the leaves. Guttation is sometimes confused with dew droplets that condense from the atmosphere onto the plants surface. At night time, transpiration usually does not occur because most plants have their stomata closed.
In general, the guttation process is observed the most when the transpiration is suppressed and relative humidity is maximum, as seen during the night. Guttation helps the plants to dispose of the unwanted solutes. It is also important to note that Guttation fluid helps in non-invasive measurements and inorganic chemical quantification. Furthermore, it happens through hydathodes only.
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Q.1. What is Guttation?
Ans: Guttation is defined as the process of loss or excretion of water in the form of liquid droplets from the tips and margins of the leaves.
Q.2. What is the difference between transpiration and guttation?
Ans: Transpiration usually occurs during the day, whereas Guttation usually occurs at night or early in the morning. Transpiration occurs through stomata, lenticels or cuticles whereas, guttation occurs through hydathodes only.
Q.3. Why is Guttation in plants important?
Ans: a. It helps in the disposal of unwanted solutes by the plants.
b. It helps to improve the acquisition of nutrients by the plants.
c. It helps to maintain the water balance for the proper growth and development of the plant body.
Q.4. Is guttation good or bad?
Ans: Guttation is completely a natural phenomenon that is not at all harmful to plants. However, suppose more amount of fertilisers is used for the plant. In that case, the minerals from the fertilisers get deposited on the tips and the margins of the leaves in the form of white rust after the water droplets get evaporated.
Q.5. What causes Guttation?
Ans: Guttation is caused when the transpiration is suppressed and relative humidity is maximum, as seen during the night. Primarily, root pressure is responsible for Guttation.
We hope this detailed article on Guttation helps you in your preparation. If you get stuck do let us know in the comments section below and we will get back to you at the earliest.