Tamil Nadu Board Class 10 Syllabus 2025

Chapter No.

Chapter Name

Topics Covered in the Chapter

1

Laws of Motion

• Force
• Inertia and its Types
• Linear Momentum and Conservation of Linear Momentum
• Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Torque
• Law of Gravitation
• Acceleration due to Gravity
• Mass and Weight

2

Optics

• Properties of Light
• Refraction
• ‘Scattering of Light
• Lens
• Human Eye
• Optical Instruments

3

Thermal Physics

• Heat and Temperature
• Thermal Energy and Thermal Energy Transfer
• Thermal Expansion of Solids
• Thermal Expansion of Liquids
• Fundamental Laws of Gases
• Real Gas and Ideal Gas

4

Electricity

• Electric Circuit
• Ohm’s Law
• Electric Resistance and Resistivity
• Combination of Resistors
• Heating Effects of Electric Current and Electric Power
• Domestic Electric Circuits and Modern Electric Appliances

5

Acoustics

• Production and Transmission of Sound
• Sound Waves
• Velocity of sound Waves
• Reflection of Sound
• Echo
• Doppler Effect

6

Nuclear Physics

• Radio Activity
• Alpha, Beta and Gamma Rays and their Properties
• Nuclear Fission
• Nuclear Fusion
• Safety Measures while Handling Radioactive Materials
• Nuclear Reactors

7

Atoms and Molecules

• Modern Atomic Theory
• Atom and Atomic Mass
• Molecule and Molecular Mass
• Difference between Atoms and Molecules
• Mole Concept
• Percent Composition
• Avogadro Hypothesis
• Relation between Vapour Density and Relative Molecular Mass

8

Periodic Classification of Elements

• Introduction to Classification of Elements
• Modern Periodic law and the Modern Periodic Table
• Periodic Properties
• Metallurgy
• Occurrence of Ores in Tamil Nadu
• Properties of Metals
• Extractive Metallurgy of Aluminium
• Extractive Metallurgy of Copper
• Extractive Metallurgy of Iron
• Alloys
• Corrosion

9

Solutions

• Solutions in Day-to-Day life
• Components of Solutions
• Types of Solutions
• Solubility
• Concentration of a Solution
• Hydrated Salts and water of Crystallisation
• Hygroscopic and Deliquescence

10

Types of Chemical Reactions

• Introduction to a Chemical Reaction
• Types of Chemical reactions
• Rate of a Chemical Reaction
• State of Equilibrium
• Ionic Product of Water
• PH

11

Carbon and Its Compounds

• Introduction to Carbon and Organic Compounds
• General Characteristics of Organic Compounds
• Classification of Organic Compounds based on the Pattern of Carbon Chain
• Classes of organic Compounds
• Homologous Series
• Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
• Ethanol
• Ethanoic Acid
• Organic compounds in Daily life
• Soaps and Detergents

12

Structural Organization of Animals

• Introduction to Animal Kingdom
• The Indian Cattle Leech
• ‘Rabbit

13

Nervous System

• Introduction to Stimuli, Response and Nervous Coordination
• Nervous System
• Transmission of Nerve Impulse
• Different types of Human Nervous System: Central, Peripheral and Autonomic
• Reflex Action

14

Plant and Animal Hormones

• Introduction to Plant and Animal Hormones
• Plant Hormones
• Human Endocrine Glands

15

Reproduction in Plants and Animals

• Introduction to Reproduction
• Asexual and Vegetative Reproduction
• Sexual Reproduction in Plants: Structure of Flowers, Pollination and Fertilisation
• Sexual Reproduction in Humans
• Fertilization to Foetal Development
• Reproductive Health, Population Explosion and family planning
• Urinary Tract Infection and Personal Hygiene

16

Heredity

• Introduction to Heredity and Genetics
• Gregor Johann Mendel: His experiments and Laws
• Chromosomes, DNA and Genes
• Sex Determination

17

Origin and Evolution of Life

• Introduction to Evolution of Earth and theories on Evolution of Life
• Evolution: Evidences and Theories of Evolution
• Variation
• Paleobotany, Ethnobotany and Exobiology

18

Breeding and Biotechnology

• Introduction to Breeding and Biotechnology
• Modern Agricultural Practices and Crop Improvement and Green Revolution
• Methods of Plant Breeding and Crop Improvement
• Animal Breeding
• Genetic Engineering
• Biotechnology in Medicine
• Stem Cells- type and cell therapy
• DNA Fingerprinting and Genetically modified Organisms

19

Health and Diseases

• Introduction to Health and Diseases
• Abuse and its Types
• Drug, Alcohol and Tobacco Abuse
• Diseases and Disorders due to Lifestyle Modifications

20

Environmental Management

• Introduction to Environmental Management, Conservation and Judicious use of Resources
• Forest and its Importance
• Wildlife and its Conservation
• Soil Erosion
• Renewable and Non-Renewable energy Resources
• Non-Conventional Energy Resources
• Rainwater Harvesting
• Conservation of Electrical Energy and E-Waste Management

21

Visual Communication

• Scratch Software

22

Transportation in Plants and Circulation in Animals

• Introduction to Transportation in Plants and Animals
• Means of Transport in Plants
• Root Hair and Pathway of Water Absorbed by Roots
• Types of Movement of Water into the Root Cells
• Transpiration and Root Pressure
• Uptake and Translocation of Minerals
• Translocation of Sugars Via Phloem
• Ascent of Sap
• Blood
• Blood vessels
• Types of Circulatory System
• Blood Pressure
• Blood Groups
• Lymphatic System

23

Plant Anatomy and Plant Physiology

• Introduction to Plant Anatomy and physiology
• Tissues and tissue system
• Internal Structure of Dicot and Monocot Root
• Internal Structure of Dicot and Monocot Stem
• Internal Structure of Dicot and Monocot Leaf
• Plastid and Mitochondria
• Photosynthesis and Respiration

Chapter No.

Chapter Name

Topics Covered in the Chapter

1

Relations and Functions

• Introduction to Relation and function
• Ordered Pair and Cartesian Product
• Relations
• Functions
• Types of Functions
• Special Cases of Functions
• Composition of Functions

2

Numbers and Sequences

• Euclid’s Division Lemma
• The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
• Modular Arithmetic
• Sequences
• Arithmetic progressions
• Geometric Progressions
• Special Series and Sums

3

Algebra

• Simultaneous Linear Equations in three Variables
• GCD and LCM of polynomials
• Rational expressions
• Square Root of Polynomials
• Quadratic Equations 
• Quadratic Graphs
• Operations on Matrices

4

Geometry

• Similarity of Objects
• Similarity of Triangles
• Thales Theorem and Angle Bisector Theorem
• Construction of Triangles
• Circles and Tangents
• Construction of Tangents to circles
• Concurrency Theorems

5

Coordinate Geometry

• Introduction to Coordinate Geometry
• Area of a Triangle and Quadrilateral
• Slope of a Line
• Straight Line and Equations

6

Trigonometry

• Introduction to Trigonometry
• Trigonometric Identities
• Heights and Distances

7

Mensuration

• Surface Area of solids
• Volume of solids

8

Statistics and Probability

• Measures of dispersion
• Coefficient of Variation
• Probability
• Algebra of events
• Additional theorem on Probability