Unit | Sub – Topics |
Reflection of Light at a Curved Surface | Normal to the Curved Surface, Spherical Mirrors, Convex and Concave Mirrors, The Formula for Spherical Mirrors – Sign Convention, Application of Reflection – Solar Cooker, Etc. |
Chemical Equations and Reactions | Some Daily Life Examples of Chemical Reactions. Chemical Equations – Writing Chemical Equations, Skeletal Chemical Equations, Balancing Chemical Equations, Writing Symbols of Physical States, Heat Changes, Gas Evolved and the Precipitate Formed, Interpreting a Balanced Chemical Equation |
Acids, Bases and Salts | Chemical Properties of Acids & Bases, What Do Acids Have in Common? What Do Bases Have in Common? Do Acids Produce Ions Only in an Aqueous Solution? The Reaction of Acid, Base With Water, Strength of Acid or Base – PH Scale, Importance of PH in Everyday Life, Salts, Chemicals From Common Salt |
Refraction of Light at Curved Surface | Refraction of Light at a Curved Surface, Lenses, Rules for Ray Diagram, Images Formed by the Lenses, Formula Derived for Thin Lenses, The Focal Length of the Lens Depends on the Surrounding Medium, Lens Maker Formula |
Human Eye and Colourful World | Least Distance of Distinct Vision, Angle of Vision, Structure of Human Eye – Focal Length of the Human Eye Lens, Accommodation, Common Accommodation Defects of Vision – Myopia, Hypermetropia, Presbyopia Prism Scattering of Light |
Electric Current | Electric Current, Potential Difference, How a Battery or a Cell Works, Ohm’s Law and Its Limitations, Resistance, Specific Resistance, Factors Influencing Resistance, Electric Shock, Electric Circuits, Electric Power, Safety Fuses |
Structure of Atom | Spectrum, Electromagnetic Spectrum, NL Rule, Energies of Electronic Energy Levels (N+L) Rule; Aufbau Principle, Pauli’s Principle, Hund’s Rule of Maximum Multiplicity, Stable Configurations, Bohr’s Model of a Hydrogen Atom and Its Limitations, Quantum Mechanical Model of an Atom, Electronic Configuration of Elements in Their Atoms |
Chemical Bonding | Chemical Bond Definition (Brief Explanation) Electronic Theory of Valence by Lewis and Kossel, Ionic and Covalent Bonds: Examples With Lewis Dot Formulae, The Arrangement of Ions in Ionic Compounds, Factors Affecting the Formation of Cation and Anion, Shapes, Bond Lengths and Bond Energies in Molecules, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory, Valence Bond Theory, Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds |
Electromagnetism | Oersted Experiment, Magnetic Field – Field Lines, Magnetic Field Due to Currents, Magnetic Force on Moving Charge and Current-carrying Wire, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic Induction – Faraday’s Law (Including Magnetic Flux) – Lenz Law, Generators and Alternating – Direct Currents |
Principles of Metallurgy | The Occurrence of Metals in Nature, Extraction of Metals From the Ores – Activity Series and Related Metallurgy, Flow Chart of Steps Involved in the Extraction of Metals From Ore, Corrosion – Prevention of CorrosionImportant Processes Used in Metallurgy, Flux Furnace |
Carbon and Its Compounds | Introduction of Carbon Compounds, Promotion of an Electron – Bonding in Carbon Including Hybridization, Bonding of Carbon With Other Elements, Isomerism, Homologous Series, Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds, Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds, Important Carbon Compounds, Esterification Reactions, Soaps – Saponification, Micelles |
Classification of Elements – The Periodic Table | Need for the Arrangement of Elements in an Organized Manner, Doberieners Triads – Limitations, Newland’s Law of Octaves, Mendeleev’s Periodic Table (Periodic Law, Achievements & Limitations), Modern Periodic Table |
Nutrition | Life Process- Introduction, Photosynthesis, Nutrition in Organisms, Digestion in Human Beings, Healthy Points About the Oesophagus, Malnutrition |
Respiration | The Discovery of Gases Involved in Respiration, Respiratory System in Human Being, Cellular Respiration, Respiration – Combustion, Evolution of Gaseous Exchange, Plant Respiration |
Transportation | The Internal Structure of Heart, Cardiac Cycle, Lymphatic System, Evolution of the Transport System, Blood Pressure, Blood Clotting, Transportation in Plants |
Excretion | Excretory System, Structure of Nephron, Formation of Urine, Dialysis – Artificial Kidney, Accessory Excretory Organs in Human Beings (Lungs, Skin, Liver Large Intestine), Excretion in Other Organisms, Excretion in Plants, Excretion in Human Beings, Excretion, Secretion |
Reproduction | Growth of Bacteria in Milk, Asexual Reproduction, Sexual Reproduction, Sexual Reproduction in Plants, Cell Division – Cell Cycle, Reproductive Health – HIV/ AIDS |
Coordination in Life Processes | Hunger, The Relation Between Taste and Smell, Mouth – A Mastication Machine, Passage of Food Through the Oesophagus, Stomach Is Mixer |
Heredity | New Characters – Variation, Experiments Conducted by Mendal (f1 Generation, f2 Generation), Mendel’s Laws, Parents to Offsprings Evolution, Origin of Species, Evolution – Evidence, Human Evolution |
Our Environment | Ecosystem – Food Chain, Human Activities – Their Effect on the Ecosystem, Biological Pest Control Measures |
Natural Resources | Case Study – Agricultural Land (Past and Present)Water Management, Water Resources in the Telugu States, Fossil Fuels, Conservation, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover |
Control & Coordination | Stimulus and Response, Integrated System – Nerves Coordination, Nerve Cell Structure, Pathways From Stimulus to Response, Reflex Arc, Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Coordination Without Nerves, Autonomous Nervous System, Coordination in Plants – Phytohormones |