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The experiment “Use of Vernier Callipers to Measure Diameter” aims to demonstrate the accurate measurement of an object’s diameter using Vernier callipers. The objective is to familiarize students with the Vernier scale principle, precision measurement, and the practical application of Vernier callipers in determining diameters.
Vernier callipers are precise instruments used for measuring object dimensions. They consist of two jaws: one fixed and one movable. The movable jaw slides along the main scale and includes a Vernier scale. The Vernier scale has divisions smaller than the main scale divisions.
Diameter:
Diameter refers to the measurement of a straight line passing through the centre of a circular object, connecting two points on the circumference.
Main Scale:
The main scale is the larger, fixed scale on the Vernier Callipers. It provides the measurement’s whole number part (Main scale reading) and helps position the instrument for accurate readings.
Vernier Scale:
The vernier scale is a smaller, movable scale attached to the main scale. It is used to read the fractional part (Vernier scale reading) of the measurement that goes beyond the divisions of the main scale.
Jaws:
The jaws of the Vernier calliper are the parts that come into contact with the object being measured. There are two sets of jaws: an upper jaw and a lower jaw. The upper jaw is fixed, while the lower jaw is attached to the Vernier scale and can slide along the main scale.
Least Count:
The least count is the smallest measurement that can be read directly from the Vernier Callipers. It’s calculated as the difference between one main scale division and one vernier scale division.
Least Count = Value of One Main Scale Division / Total Number of Vernier Scale Divisions.
Zero Error:
Zero error refers to any deviation or misalignment in the Vernier Callipers when its jaws are fully closed. It can lead to inaccuracies in measurements. Zero error can be either positive (if the vernier zero mark is ahead of the main scale zero) or negative (if it’s behind).
Parallax Error:
Parallax error occurs when the observer’s eye is not directly perpendicular to the scale being read, causing an apparent displacement of the measurement value. It can be minimized by ensuring that the eye is aligned accurately.
FAQs on Vernier Callipers For Diameter Measurement
1. Why would you consider taking multiple measurements using Vernier Callipers?
Answer: To calculate an average and reduce the impact of potential measurement errors.
2. What is the least count of Vernier callipers, and how is it calculated?
Answer: The least count of a Vernier calliper is the smallest measurement it can read. It’s found by dividing the value of one main scale division by the total number of Vernier scale divisions.
3. Where can Vernier callipers be applied in real-life situations?
Answer: Vernier callipers find applications in various fields, such as engineering, physics, and manufacturing. They are used to measure the dimensions of objects in industries, laboratories, and workshops where precision measurements are crucial.
4. How is zero error on Vernier callipers identified and corrected?
Answer: Zero error is when the Vernier scale’s zero differs from the main scale’s zero. It’s corrected by adding or subtracting the zero error value from subsequent measurements.
Corrected Measurement = Observed Measurement ± Zero Error.
5. When would you use Vernier callipers instead of a ruler for measuring diameter?
Answer: Vernier callipers offer precise measurements in fractions of millimetres for accurate readings, especially for small dimensions like object diameters, enhancing accuracy beyond standard rulers.
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