Organisms of Kingdom Monera

Introduction to The Experiment

Bacteria are mostly microscopic, single-celled organisms that are present in practically every habitat, both within and outside of other organisms. They were among the first life forms to emerge on the planet, and based on their cellular organisation, the bacteria are classified under the kingdom Monera. In terms of bacterial study, the experiment “Organisms of Kingdom Monera” deals with the microscopic examination of bacteria’s permanent slides, specifically Oscillatoria, and their characteristics.

Experiment Procedure

The details of the experiment are as follows:

• The permanent slides of bacteria are observed under the higher magnification lens of the compound microscope.
• Bacterial structure under the microscope reveals prokaryotic cell organisation and comprises cellular characteristics such as the cell wall, cell membrane, pilus, nucleoid, cytoplasm, mesosome, flagellum, and ribosome. Because the bacteria are prokaryotic, they lack membrane-bound organelles and also have a peptidoglycan cell wall and a hair-like pilus.
• Microscopic examination of the other permanent slides of bacteria revealed a variety of bacteria forms, including spherical cocci, comma-shaped vibrio, and spiral-shaped spirilla. The globular cocci bacteria appear as short rods or oval structures. Such bacteria include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Vibrio bacteria, which have a small twist and resemble a comma shape, include examples of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus. Spirillum bacteria have a helical structure, and Campylobacter jejuni is an example of such a bacterial shape.
• The experiment also includes the microscopic study of Oscillatoria, which is a photosynthetic cyanobacteria that exhibits peculiar oscillating movements of the filament, also called a trichome. This cyanobacterium inhabits diverse environments and is most commonly found in freshwater bodies. When the permanent slide of Oscillatoria was observed, the following details were studied:

The thallus of Oscillatoria is a cylindrical, filamentous body covered in mucilagin. The filament consists of gas vacuoles and dead cells. The dead cells participate in fragmentation, a form of asexual reproduction. Whereas gas vacuoles, also known as pseudo vacuoles, aid in buoyancy. Other cellular components include a cell wall, protoplasm, cell membrane, thylakoids, ribosomes, and DNA fibrils, also known as nucleoid, which are the genetic material that is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

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