ASSESSTMENT

On oxidation an organic compound A with molecular formula ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_6\mathrm{O}$, gives an acid B with the same number of carbon atoms as in the molecule A. Compound A is often used in medicines like tincture iodine, cough syrup, and many tonics. Identify A and B. Write the chemical equation involved in the formation of B from A.

An organic compound A on heating with conc.${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$ forms a compound B which on addition of one mole of hydrogen in presence of nickel forms a compound 'C'. One mole of 'C' on combustion forms two moles of ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ and three moles of ${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$. Identify the compounds A, B and C and write the reactions involved.

An organic compound X is an essential constituent of wine and beer. X is responsible for intoxication caused by these drinks. Oxidation of X yields an organic acid Y which is present in vinegar. Name the compound X and Y and write their structural formulae.

How would you convert 

a) ethanol to ethene?

b) butanol to butanoic acid?

Explain the process and write the reactions involved.

Both soap and detergent are some type of salts. What is the difference between them? Describe in brief the cleansing action of soap. Why do soaps not form lather in hard water? List two problems that arise due to the use of detergents instead of soap.

Describe an activity to find how ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate? Name the gas evolved. How can it be tested?

A salt X is formed and a gas is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate. Name the salt X and the gas evolved. Describe an activity and draw the diagram of the apparatus to prove that the evolved gas is the one which you have named. Also, write chemical equation of the reaction involved.

Esters are sweet smelling substances and are used in making perfumes. Suggest some activity and the reaction involved for the preparation of an ester with well labelled diagram.