Arun Sharma and Meenakshi Upadhyay Solutions for Chapter: Paragraph Jumbles, Exercise 5: Exercise

Rearrange the following sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.

(A) The concept of the affluent society, used to describe post-1945 democratic welfare capitalist societies, was pioneered by the Canadian economist, John Kenneth Galbraith.
(B) He argued that a long-term unintended consequence of economic growth in Western democracies was the simultaneous development of private affluence and public squalor.
(C) While very efficient in encouraging the demand for private goods and services, including consumer-durables, liberal-democratic capitalist societies are prone to under-supply public goods, like education, public health, environmental protection, and public transport.
(D) Galbraith later embellished this argument: because modern liberal democracies contain satisfied majorities, which have the skills and resources to avoid poverty, a 'culture of contentment has developed, hostile to active and progressively redistributive big government.
(E) Whereas in the earliest electoral democratic systems, the poor comprised (potential) electoral majorities, affluent or contented societies are likely to be content with tax-cutting conservative administrations.

Rearrange the following sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.

(A) In Europe, from the 15th century onward, ac- counts from travelers about people encountered in distant territories were widely available.

(B) During the Enlightenment, the idea of 'primitive man existing in a simple communal society, became prevalent.

(C) Remote and unfamiliar peoples have been a topic of interest since recorded times.

(D) In 1761, the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau lauded the 'noble savage' who lived in a communal and dignified state—an ideal that was preferable, he claimed, to the economic iniquity and social deterioration of European societies.

Rearrange the following sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph. 

(A) A contemporary example of organized anti- clericalism is the movement in the US to prevent religious fundamentalists winning the right to practice religious activities in state schools.

(B) In the 20th century, political cleavages between clericalists and anti-clericalists shaped electoral support for parties, especially in Italy and France.

(C) Anti-clericalist movements range from having particularistic objectives (for example, getting rid of Jesuits) to general opposition to all types of clerical power (for instance, atheist campaigns in USSR in the 1930s).

(D) Anti-clericalism is a liberal or socialist doctrine of opposition to the political authority, power and status of the clergy.

(E) In Europe, the Catholic clergy were the special target of the currents of anti-clericalism which flourished in the post-Enlightenment era and influenced many European nationalist movements, Including the French, Spanish Italian and Irish revolutionary nationalist movements of the mid 19th century.

Rearrange the following sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.

(A) Anxiety (Greek, 'racking'), that is distress of mind, disquietude and uneasiness, is not generally regarded in psychology as an irrational fear—a suggestion that may come from such common phrases as 'Anxiety was driving him out of his mind'.

(B) Anxiety does not have a clear source, unlike a phobia, but can be traced to unconscious processes in psychoanalysis and to faulty responses and thinking (cognitive therapy).

(C) Psychoanalysis has focused on the unconscious sources of anxiety.

(D) Originally, it saw anxiety as the outcome of repressed libido. (E) Freud also thought at one time that anxiety was the result of an unconscious memory of the birth trauma.

Rearrange the following sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph. 

(A) Apocalyptic writers in general, however, are more concerned with the sequence of dire events, the crumbling of civilization, which precedes that end.

(B) The root thought that gave rise to apocalyptic literature was the Judaeo-Chiristian idea that human life, indeed the life of the universe, is not random, but an ordered progression from the Beginning through to the End.

(C) Some apocalyptic writers, for example William Blake, were particularly concerned with the End, and developed images, ideas and language directly from Revelation, the last book of the New Testament, which details the final days of the world

(D) Once such broadening of the idea is allowed, a huge range of writers can be described as apocalyptic, from Swift to George Orwell, from Zola to Wyndham Lewis. Critics have suggested that the apocalyptic imagination is a particular characteristic of 20th century writing, both directly in sf (where writers such as J.G. Ballard, Harry Harrison and George Turner regularly depict the horrors of a future in which present day problem the greenhouse effect, over-population, too many cars-are multiplied in geometric progression towards oblivion), or in writers who have used sf ideas and techniques in a wider context, such as John Barth, Alasdair Gray, Thomas Pynchon and Kurt Vonnegut.

E) Dystopian writing of this kind sees the human race as doomed (usually self-doomed). We are trapped like animals, laboratory specimens at the mercy of irresponsible powers; we are too prolific; we are plundering the planet.

Rearrange the following sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.

(A) This abstraction is then manipulated mathematically, possibly with other assumptions thrown in (for example, Newton assumed that the attraction between the planets varied according to the inverse of the square of the distance between them), to find a mathematical way of describing this data (in Newton's case, that the planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun), which can then be verified by further experimentation (which in this example, had already been done a century before by Kepler).

(B) The whole of physics and much of many other sciences depends on this procedure.

(C) Mathematics began with the abstraction of properties from the real world around us; it proves its usefulness when the results obtained from this abstraction are turned back again to the real world.

(D) This is how science works, scientists abstract the properties they wish to study from experimental evidence (for example, the observations of planetary motion over many years were used to find the positions of the planets).

(E) Applicability is the real strength of mathematics: its relationship to the scientific method is due the fact that it is so successful in explaining the real world.

Rearrange the following sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.

(A) Factions of the Ba'athist Party have held power in Iraq under Saddam Hussein, and in Syria, under President Assad. Their dictatorships have not led to Pan-Arabist unity, but rather the converse.

(B) The Arab league was formed in 1945 with the aspiration to create eventual unity, but it has remained committed only to the moderate goals of inter-governmental co-operation.

(C) A short-lived United Arabic Republic (1958– 61) of Syria and Egypt created temporary optimism that a broader pan-Arabic ideal could be achieved.

(D) Pan Arabism seeks a unified state embracing all Arabic speaking peoples.

(E) Like the Pan Africanist movement was divided between proponents of inter-governmental economic and political co-operation between sovereign Arab states (for example Lebanon), and advocates of the merger of existing Arab states into a single state (such as Syria).

Rearrange the following sentences in a logical order to form a coherent paragraph.

(A) He discovered that images occur which are not always part of our own history or personal experience.

(B) He also discovered that these elements, which seemed to be inherited from somewhere else, had a tendency to organize themselves into predetermined patterns or symbols; these he called archetypes.

(C) Freud's analysis of dreams had come up with similar anomalies which he called "archaic past and biological development, a part of our mind that is close to animals.

(D) Archetypes (Greek, originals') were discovered by Jung through the analysis of dreams.

(E) Each of us, in this sense, has an extremely old psyche, a deposit of collective images and primitive motifs.