Lawrie Ryan and Roger Norris Solutions for Chapter: Electrons in Atoms, Exercise 15: EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS

The sketch graph shows the $13$ successive ionization energies of aluminium.

Define the term first ionization energy.

The sketch graph shows the $13$ successive ionization energies of aluminium.

Explain how the graph provides evidence for the existence of three electrons shells in an aluminium atom.

Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the $2^{\mathrm{nd}}$ ionization energy aluminium.

Write the electronic configuration of an aluminium ion${\mathrm{Al}}^{+3}$, using $1{\mathrm{s}}^2$notation.

Copy and complete the diagram below for the $15$ electrons in phosphorus by:
Showing how the electrons are arranged.

State which ionization energies are represented by the equations blow.
${\mathrm{Al}}^{5+}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\to {\mathrm{Al}}^{6+}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)+{\mathrm{e}}^{-}$

The graph shows a sketch of ${\log }_{10}$(ionization energy) against number of electrons removed for magnesium.
Use this graph to answer the following questions.

Construct the equation for the ionization energy marked $\mathrm{X}$(the $5^{\mathrm{th}}$ ionization energy).

Explain the shape of the graph you have drawn for ${\log }_{10}$ (ionization energy) for Chlorine varies when plotted against number of electron removed.