Lawrie Ryan and Roger Norris Solutions for Chapter: Nitrogen, Exercise 1: BEFORE YOU START

Discuss the bonding in ammonia molecule, ${\mathrm{NH}}_3$. Then draw a dot-and cross diagram of the molecule. 

Give the shape of methane, ${\mathrm{CH}}_4$molecule.

Why the shape of the molecule is tetrahedral?

The oxidation number of nitrogen can vary. Give nitrogen's oxidation number in ${\mathrm{N}}_2$. 

The oxidation number of nitrogen can vary. Give nitrogen's oxidation number in $\mathrm{NO}$.

The oxidation number of nitrogen can vary. Give nitrogen's oxidation number in ${{\mathrm{NO}}_3}^{-}$.

Discuss which substance is acting as an acid and which is a base in this reaction. 

$\mathrm{HCl}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right) + {\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{l}\right) \to {\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right) + {\mathrm{Cl}}^{-}\left(\mathrm{aq}\right)$

Write a reaction pathway diagram to explain how catalysts work.