Name: Depression - A Concern for Mental Health
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 10 min 36 s
Description: A healthy mind lives in a healthy body. But what if the reason itself is ill? One such condition is depression. Learn more about it in this video.

Question

Explain the prevention of graft rejection in the clinical field.

Accepted Answer

Graft rejection occurs when the immune system of the recipient attacks the donated graft and begins destroying the transplanted tissue or organ. In this rejection response, the immune response is usually triggered by the presence of the donor's own unique set of proteins (HLA), which the recipient's immune system will identify as foreign. The degree of similarity between the HLA genes of the donor and recipient is known as histocompatibility or tissue compatibility; the more genetically compatible the donor and the recipient, the more tolerant the recipient’s immune system to the graft.

Prevention of graft rejection can be achieved by inhibiting the action of immune cells towards the graff. As it is now known that T cells play a central role in the specific immune response, strategies to prevent T cell activation or function are thus all potentially useful for immunosuppression.

Standard immunosuppressive therapy consists of baseline therapy to prevent rejection and short courses of high-dose corticosteroids or monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies.

Triple-drug therapy with the combination of cyclosporin, corticosteroids and azathioprine is now the most frequently used immunosuppressive drug in certain transplantation (primarily kidney).

Other compounds that are now entering routine clinical practice for immunosuppression are tacrolimus (mode of action similar to cyclosporin), mycophenolate mofetil and mizoribine (which inhibit the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo purine (a group of nitrogenous base) synthesis during cell division), and sirolimus.

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