Question

What are microorganisms? What is the study of microorganisms called? Mention some uses of microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

Microbes are tiny living organisms that cannot be seen with naked eyes. These organisms can be seen with the help of a microscope. The diverse form of microbes include bacteria, viruses, fungi, microscopic algae, and protozoans. Microorganisms are omnipresent. The branch which deals with the study of microorganisms is called microbiology.

Microorganisms are popularly known for their harmful nature of causing diseases. However, many of the microorganisms species are used by humans for obtaining benefits and commercial purpose. Few such commercial uses of microorganisms are mentioned as follows-

A bacterium called Lactobacillus causes the conversion of lactose sugar into lactic acid, therefore helps in the formation of curd.

A fungus called yeast is most commonly used in the fermentation industries for the production of wine, beer, cheese, bread, etc.

Bacteria such as Rhizobium and blue-green algae helps in the nitrogen fixation.

Weakened microbes or viruses are used for the preparation of vaccines to build immunity against the disease.

Some microorganisms, such as Chlorella are rich in protein and vitamins. They are used in the formation of food supplements.

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