Name: What Is Genetic Modification?
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 2 min 7 s
Description: Genetic modification of plants involves adding a specific stretch of DNA into the plant's genome, giving it new or different characteristics. Learn more.

Question

Write short notes on restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzymes are found in bacterial cells that cleaves any foreign DNA if enters into the bacterial cell such as the DNA of a bacteriophage (a virus). Thereby restriction enzymes protect bacterial cells from killing by the virus. The restriction enzyme is also known as restriction endonuclease. These enzymes are isolated from the bacterial cells and used in recombinant DNA technology for the preparation of recombinant DNA. For example, Hind II (first restriction endonuclease isolated and characterised), EcoRI, etc.

Restriction endonuclease scans the DNA strand and recognises the specific bases known as recognition sequences. For example, for EcoRI, the recognition sequence is 5'GAATTC3' sequence. These sequences are palindromic nucleotide sequences for a double helix DNA fragment. Restriction endonuclease binds at this specific site on the dsDNA strands and cut at the sugar-phosphate backbone. While cutting the two strands of DNA, an overhanging stretch is created, known as a sticky or cohesive end. Hence, restriction enzymes are used in recombinant DNA technology as a tool for cutting genes of interest and the vector.

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