Analyze the information given in the box and answer the following question: X The production of this hormone is more at night and less in the daytime Y Hormones from the adrenal gland work along with the sympathetic system Identify and name the hormone 'X' and its gland.

The biological clock is the response of the body to the light and dark which influences the regularity in the activities during day and night. Sleeping and waking up are examples of such rhythmic activities. These activities are under the influence of the pineal gland, situated in the epithalamus, a part of the brain. Melatonin hormone (X) is produced by this gland which is responsible for the maintenance of the rhythm of our daily activities. Thus, 'X' in the given box is the hormone melatonin which is released by the pineal gland.

Analyse the information given in the box and answer the following question. X The production of this hormone is more at night and less in the daytime Y Hormones from the adrenal gland work along with the sympathetic system Identify the hormones indicated as 'Y'.

The adrenal gland is an endocrine gland that is situated above the kidneys. The central part of this gland secretes two hormones that work along with the sympathetic system. These hormones are Adrenaline (Epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). These are also called the emergency hormones because they are released during the emergency conditions like fear, anger, and shock which results in an increased heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolic rate. Thus, the hormones indicated by 'Y' are Adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Analyze the illustration and complete the table appropriately: Gland Location Hormones

Gland Location Hormones Hypothalamus It lies just below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland, to which it is attached by a stalk. The hormones produced in the hypothalamus are corticotrophin-releasing hormone, dopamine, growth hormone-releasing hormone, somatostatin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Pituitary A pea-sized endocrine gland at the base of brain, behind the bridge of nose and directly below your hypothalamus. There are four hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that control the functions of other endocrine glands. These hormones include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormones (LH). Pineal The pineal gland is located deep in the brain in an area called the epithalamus, where the two halves of the brain join. The main function of the pineal gland is to receive information about the state of the light-dark cycle from the environment and convey this information to produce and secrete the hormone melatonin. Thyroid The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck just below the Adam's apple (larynx). The thyroid gland uses iodine from food to make two thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine ( T 3 ) and thyroxine ( T 4 ). Parathyroid The parathyroid glands are small pea-sized glands located in the neck just behind the butterfly-shaped thyroid gland. Parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone (PTH) which controls the calcium levels in the blood stream. Gland Location Hormones Testes The testes are 2 small organs that are found inside the scrotum. Testosterone is an important hormone during male development and maturation. Ovary The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that are located on either side of the uterus. Ovaries produce and release two groups of sex hormones—progesterone and oestrogen. Pancreas The pancreas is located behind the stomach in the upper left abdomen. Primary hormones of the pancreas include insulin and glucagon, and both regulate blood glucose.

E M B I B E

Biology Standard X Part 1>Chapter 3 - Chemical Messages for Homeostasis>Let us Assess

Kerala Board Solutions for Chapter: Chemical Messages for Homeostasis, Exercise 11: Let us Assess

Author:Kerala Board

Kerala Board Biology Solutions for Exercise - Kerala Board Solutions for Chapter: Chemical Messages for Homeostasis, Exercise 11: Let us Assess

Attempt the free practice questions on Chapter 3: Chemical Messages for Homeostasis, Exercise 11: Let us Assess with hints and solutions to strengthen your understanding. Biology Standard X Part 1 solutions are prepared by Experienced Embibe Experts.