Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur Solutions for Chapter: Control and Coordination, Exercise 10: Questions Based on High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

The gland X which is located just below the brain in the human head secretes a chemical substance Y which controls the development of bones and muscles in the body of a person. Secretion of too little of substance Y as well as the secretion of too much of substance Y by the gland X leads to abnormal development of the body of a person.

What is the chemical substance Y?

A and B are the two systems of control and coordination in the human body. The messages in system A are transmitted in the form of chemical substances C which travels comparatively slowly through the bloodstream. The substances C are made in tissues D present in the head and trunk of the human body. The messages in system B are transmitted very quickly in the form of electrical impulses through fibres E. The effect of messages transmitted by system B usually lasts for a much shorter time as compared to those transmitted by system A.

State, whether system A controls the working of system B or system B, controls the working of system A.

A cylindrical structure P in our body begins in continuation with the medulla and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage Q and surrounded by membranes R. As many as x pairs of nerves arise from the structure P. The structure P is involved in the reflex actions of our body and conduction of nerve impulses to and from another organ S of our body with which it forms CNS.

Name the structure P.

A cylindrical structure P in our body begins in continuation with the medulla and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage Q and surrounded by membranes R. As many as x pairs of nerves arise from the structure P. The structure P is involved in the reflex actions of our body and conduction of nerve impulses to and from another organ S of our body with which it forms CNS.

Name (i) bony cage Q, and (ii) membranes R.

A cylindrical structure P in our body begins in continuation with the medulla and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage Q and surrounded by membranes R. As many as X pairs of nerves arise from the structure P. The structure P is involved in the reflex actions of our body and conduction of nerve impulses to and from another organ S of our body with which it forms CNS.

How much is X? (31/7/23)

A cylindrical structure P in our body begins in continuation with the medulla and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage Q and surrounded by membranes R. As many as x pairs of nerves arise from the structure P. The structure P is involved in the reflex actions of our body and conduction of nerve impulses to and from another organ S of our body with which it forms CNS.

Name the organ S. (Give the common term)

A cylindrical structure P in our body begins in continuation with the medulla and extends downwards. It is enclosed in a bony cage Q and surrounded by membranes R. As many as x pairs of nerves arise from the structure P. The structure P is involved in the reflex actions of our body and conduction of nerve impulses to and from another organ S of our body with which it forms CNS.

What are the reflexes involving structure P only known as whether it is spinal reflexes or Brachioradialis reflex ?

The gland A is attached to the windpipe in the human body. The gland A makes and secretes a hormone B which controls the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body. The non-metal element C is necessary for the formation of hormone B. The deficiency of C in the diet can cause a deficiency of hormone B in the body leading to a disease D in which the neck of a person appears to be swollen. People are advised to use salt E in cooking food to avoid disease D.

Name one type of food which can provide sufficient C in the diet of a person.