TEST YOURSELF

What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial importance?

What is the difference between the molecules of soaps and detergents? Why do soaps not form lather in hard water? List two problems that arise due to the use of detergents instead of soaps. 

An organic compound A on heating with concentrated ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$ forms a compound B which on addition of one mole of hydrogen in presence of $\mathrm{Ni}$ forms a compound C. One mole of compound C on combustion forms two moles of ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ and $3$ moles of ${\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$. Identify the compounds A, B and C and write the chemical equations of the reactions involved.

While preparing soap a small quantity of common salt is generally added to the reaction mixture of vegetable oil and sodium hydroxide. Which one of the following may be the purpose of adding common salt?

Hard water is not available for an experiment. Some salts are given below:
(i) Sodium chloride                (ii) Sodium sulphate
(iii) Calcium chloride             (iv) Calcium sulphate
(v) Potassium chloride          (vi) Magnesium sulphate
Select from the following a group of these salts, each member of which may be dissolved in water to make it hard.

$2 \mathrm{mL}$ of ethanoic acid was taken in each of the test tube I and II. A red litmus paper was introduced in test tube I and a $\mathrm{pH}$ paper was introduced in test tube II. The experiment was performed by four students and they reported their observations as:

What happens when acetic acid is added to a solution of potassium carbonate in a test tube? Write the equation for detecting the gas evolved.

When a compound 'X' in its aqueous form is added to acetic acid taken in a test tube, a gas is evolved.

This gas turns lime water milky. Name the compound 'X' and the gas evolved. Also write the equation for the reaction.