Question

Match the pairs.

Column 'A'	Column 'B'
i. Inductive effect	a. delocalisation of $π$ electrons
ii. Hyperconjugation	b. displacement of $π$ electrons
iii. Resonance effect	c. delocalisation of $σ$ electrons
	d. displacement of $σ$ electrons

Accepted Answer

Inductive effect is defined as the polarisation of the sigma bond due to the polarisation of the adjacent sigma bond as a result of the difference in the electronegativity of bonded atoms. That is, it involves the displacement of sigma electrons.

Hyperconjugation is the delocalization of sigma electrons of a $C - H$ bond present in an alkyl group, that is directly attached to a carbon atom which is part of an unsaturated system or has an empty $p$ -orbital or a $p$ -orbital with an unpaired electron. It shows no covalent bond between carbon and one of the $σ - P$ orbitals.

The resonance effect is defined as the polarity in the molecule by the interaction of $π$ bonds or between a $π$ bond and lone pair of electrons present on the adjacent atom. That is, it involves the delocalization of $π$ electrons or lone pairs of electrons.

Column 'A' Column 'B'

i. Inductive effect d. displacement of $σ$ electrons

ii. Hyperconjugation c. delocalisation of $σ$ electrons

iii. Resonance effect a. delocalisation of $π$ electrons

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