LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

State the different modes of ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ transport in the blood.

 For completion of the respiration process, write the given steps sequentially:

a. Diffusion of gases ($O_2$ and $C{O}_2$) across the alveolar membrane.

b. Transport of gases by blood.

c. Utilisation of $O_2$ by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of $C{O}_2$.

d. Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and $C{O}_2$ rich alveolar air is released out.

e. Diffusion of $O_2$ and$C{O}_2$ between blood and tissues.

Differentiate between inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume.

Differentiate between vital capacity and total lung capacity.

Differentiate between emphysema and occupational respiratory disorder.

Explain the transport of O₂ and CO₂ between alveoli and tissue with diagram.

Explain the mechanism of breathing with neat labelled sketches.

Explain the role of the neural system in the regulation of respiration.