EVALUATION

An ideal gas is taken from $({\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{i}},{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{i}})$ to $\left({\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{f} ,}{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{f}}\right)$ in three different ways. Identify the process in which the work done on the gas the most.

The V-T diagram of an ideal gas which goes through a reversible cycle $\mathrm{A}\to \mathrm{B}\to \mathrm{C}\to \mathrm{D}\to \mathrm{A}$ is shown below. (Processes $\mathrm{D}\to \mathrm{A} \mathrm{and} \mathrm{B}\to \mathrm{C}$are adiabatic)

The corresponding $\mathrm{P}-\mathrm{V}$  diagram for the process is :-

Give an expression for work done in an isothermal process.

Explain the heat engine and obtain its efficiency.

Explain in detail Carnot heat engine.

Derive the expression for Carnot engine efficiency.

Explain the second law of thermodynamics in terms of entropy.

Explain in detail the working of a refrigerator.