A pipe of length $8.0 m$ is open at one end and closed at the others. The speed of sound is $320 m{s}^{-1}$. Which is the lowest frequency of a standing wave that can be established within this pipe?

Travelling waves of wavelength $32 \mathrm{cm}$ are created in a closed-open pipe $\mathrm{X}$ of length $40 \mathrm{cm}$ and an open-open pipe $\mathrm{Y}$ of length $50 \mathrm{cm}$. In which pipe or pipes will a standing wave be formed?

Partially polarised light is a combination of completely unpolarised light and light that is polarised. Partially polarised light is transmitted through a polariser. As the polariser is rotated by $360°$, the ratio of the maximum to the minimum transmitted intensity is $7$.

Determine the fraction of the beam's intensity that is due to the polarised light.

In a two-slit experiment, red light is incident on two parallel slits. The light is observed on a screen far from the slits. The graph shows how the intensity of the light on the screen varies with distance $\text{y}$ from M.

The distance to the screen is 3.2 m and the separation of the slits is 0.39 mm.Determine the wavelength of light(in$°\mathrm{A}$)?

A source of sound is placed above a tube containing water. The longest length of the air column above the water for which a strong sound is heard from the tube is 61 cm. The next length of the air column for which another strong sound is heard is 49 cm.

Outline how a standing wave may be formed.

A source of sound is placed above a tube containing water. The longest length of the air column above the water for which a strong sound is heard from the tube is 61 cm. The next length of the air column for which another strong sound is heard is 49 cm.

Explain the origin of the sound from the tube.