Draw a ray diagram for image formation by the concave mirror when the object is placed between the center of curvature ‘C’ and focus ‘F’.

When the object is placed between centre of curvature and principal focus of a concave mirror the image formed is beyond C as shown in the figure, and it is real, inverted and magnified i.e., a larger image is formed.

Draw ray diagram for image formation by concave lens when the object is placed between infinity and optical centre ‘O’.

The image formed by a concave lens when the object is kept between infinity and optical center 'O' is virtual in nature, erect and diminished, and on the same side of the lens as the object. The image formed is between focus F1 and optical center' O'.

Derive magnification formula for a concave mirror with the help of a ray diagram.

Since, Triangle A 'B' F and MPF are similar Therefore, B ' A ' P M = B ' F F P o r B ' A ' B A = B ' F F P ( s i n c e , P M = A B ) - ( 1 ) Since ∠ A B P = ∠ A ' P B , the right-angled triangle A ' B ' P and A B P are also similar. B ' A ' B A = B ' P B P - ( 2 ) Therefore, From equation (1) and (2) Apply the sign convention That is using the relation equation (3) become - v + f - f = - v - u v - f f = v u 1 v + 1 u = 1 f This relation is known as mirror equation. where, v = image distance, u = object distances, and f = focal length.