Benzene also undergoes electrophilic substitution when refluxed with fuming sulphuric acid for several hours. This is called sulphonation. The electrophile is the ${\mathrm{SO}}_3$ molecule and the product formed is benzenesulphonic acid, ${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5{\mathrm{SO}}_3\mathrm{H}$. Write an equation in the style of ${\mathrm{SO}}_3$ molecule accepts an electron pair in the mechanism of sulphonation of benzene to form benzenesulphonic acid.

Copy and complete the equation, which can be used to show the alkylation of benzene to produce the mono-substituted products.

${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_6+{\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{Cl}\to \mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}+\mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}.$

Copy and complete the equation, which can be used to show the acylation of benzene to produce the mono-substituted products.

${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_6+{\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{COCl}\to \mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}+\mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}.$

${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_6+{\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{Cl}\to \mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}+\mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}.$

${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_6+{\mathrm{CH}}_3{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2{\mathrm{CH}}_2\mathrm{COCl}\to \mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}+\mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}.$

Name the class of compound formed in acylation of benzene in the above given half reaction.

Place the following molecules in order of their acidity, starting with the most acidic:

${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{COOH} {\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_5\mathrm{OH} \mathrm{HCl} {\mathrm{C}}_3{\mathrm{H}}_7\mathrm{OH} {\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}$.