Draw a Born-Haber cycle for aluminium oxide.

Calculate the value for the lattice energy of aluminium oxide, given that $∆{{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{f}}}^{\circ }\left[{\mathrm{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3\right]=-1676 \mathrm{kJ} {\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}$. Remember that there are two moles of ${\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}$ ions and three moles of ${\mathrm{O}}^{2-}$ ions in one mole of ${\mathrm{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$.

Given, $\mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{s}\right)\underset{+326 \mathrm{kJ} {\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}}{\overset{ ∆{{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{at}}}^{\circ } }{\to }}\mathrm{Al}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\underset{+577 \mathrm{kJ} {\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}}{\overset{ {\mathrm{IE}}_1 }{\to }}{\mathrm{Al}}^{+}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\underset{+1820 \mathrm{kJ} {\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}}{\overset{ {\mathrm{IE}}_2}{\to }}{\mathrm{Al}}^{2+}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\underset{+2740 \mathrm{kJ} {\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}}{\overset{{\mathrm{IE}}_3 }{\to }}{\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)$

           $\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{O}}_2\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\underset{+249 \mathrm{kJ} {\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}}{\overset{ ∆{{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{at}}}^{\circ } }{\to }}\mathrm{O}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\underset{-141 \mathrm{kJ} {\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}}{\overset{ {\mathrm{EA}}_1 }{\to }}{\mathrm{O}}^{-}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)\underset{+798 \mathrm{kJ} {\mathrm{mol}}^{-1}}{\overset{{\mathrm{EA}}_2 }{\to }}{\mathrm{O}}^{2-}\left(\mathrm{g}\right)$

For the given pair of compounds, suggest which will have the most exothermic lattice energy?

${\mathrm{MgI}}_2$ and ${\mathrm{SrI}}_2$

Which one of these equations for the calculation of the lattice energy of sodium oxide, ${\mathrm{Na}}_2\mathrm{O}$ is correct?

Which one of the following ions will be the best polariser of the large nitrate ion? Explain your answer.

${\mathrm{Cs}}^{+} {\mathrm{Li}}^{+} {\mathrm{Na}}^{+} {\mathrm{K}}^{+}$

Which one of these ions will be most polarised by a ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}$ ion? Explain your answer.

${\mathrm{Br}}^{-} {\mathrm{Cl}}^{-} {\mathrm{F}}^{-} {\mathrm{I}}^{-}$

Write an equation to represent the enthalpy change of solution of potassium sulfate.

Write an equation to represent the enthalpy change of solution of zinc chloride.