Draw the diagram for transistor being used as a switch.

Draw a labelled circuit diagram of a transistor acting as a common emitter amplifier. What is meant by phase reversal?

Draw a labelled diagram of a common emitter amplifier, showing waveforms of signal voltage and output voltage.

Give relation between $\alpha$ and $\beta$ for a transistor. (Derivation is not required.)

The transfer characteristics for a transistor in $CE$ mode is as shown in figure. To use transistor as a switch, it should be used in

Describe the experimental set up for obtaining output characteristic curve of a $\mathrm{PNP}$ transistor in common emitter configuration with suitable circuit diagram. Also draw the curve obtained.

Select possible value of common base current amplification factor $\mathrm{\alpha }$ of a transistor among the following.

$0.9,9,19,49 \mathrm{and} 99$

Given below are two statements : One is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion(A) : $n-p-n$ transistor permits more current than a $p-n-p$ transistor.

Reason(R) : Electrons have greater mobility as a charge carrier.

In the above circuit diagram ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{CC}}=6 \mathrm{V}, {\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{O}}=0.5 \mathrm{V}, {\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{C}}=800\mathrm{\Omega } \mathrm{and} \mathrm{\alpha }=0.96$.

Determine the collector emitter voltage and the base current.

Draw the circuit symbols for $p-n-p$ and $n-p-n$ transistors.