Answer the questions after observing the diagram given below. What do the synaptic vesicles contain?

The impulse travels along the axon of the pre-synaptic neuron to the dendrites of post-synaptic neuron. Most presynaptic axons have several synaptic knobs at their ends. These knobs have arrays of membranous sacs, called synaptic vesicles, that contain neurotransmitters. When an impulse or action potential reaches a synaptic knob, voltage gated calcium channels open and calcium ions diffuses inward from the extracellular fluid. It initiates a series of events that fuse the synaptic vesicles with the cell membrane, where they release their neurotransmitters by exocytosis. The binding of neurotransmitters to the receptors of the post-synaptic cell leads to the transmission of an impulse.

Answer the questions after observing the diagram given below. What process is used to release the neurotransmitter?

The process is used to release the neurotransmitter is exocytosis. When an impulse or action potential reaches a synaptic knob, voltage gated calcium channels open and calcium ions diffuses inward from the extracellular fluid. It initiates a series of events that fuse the synaptic vesicles with the cell membrane, where they release their neurotransmitters by exocytosis. The binding of neurotransmitters to the receptors of the post-synaptic cell leads to the transmission of an impulse.

Answer the questions after observing the diagram given below. What should be reason for the next impulse to be conducted?

Process of transmission of an action potential across a synapse : The impulse travels along the axon of the pre-synaptic neuron to the dendrites of post-synaptic neuron. Most presynaptic axons have several synaptic knobs which contains synaptic vesicles, that contain neurotransmitters. When an impulse or action potential reaches a synaptic knob, voltage gated calcium channels open and calcium ions diffuses inward from the extracellular fluid. It initiates a series of events that fuse the synaptic vesicles with the cell membrane, where they release their neurotransmitters by exocytosis. The binding of neurotransmitters to the receptors of the post-synaptic cell leads to the transmission of an impulse. Once the impulse has been transferred across the synapse, the neurotransmitter is destroyed by the enzyme like cholinesterase and the synapse is ready to receive a new impulse.

Answer the questions after observing the diagram given below. Will the impulse be carried by postsynaptic membrane even if one presynaptic neuron is there?

There are three components of a typical chemical synapse, named as presynaptic terminal (axonic terminal), synaptic membrane of the post synaptic cell (dendrite of the next neuron) post synaptic neuron. The impulse travels along the axon of the pre-synaptic neuron to the dendrites of post-synaptic neuron. Most presynaptic axons have several synaptic knobs which contains synaptic vesicles, that contain neurotransmitters. When an impulse or action potential reaches a synaptic knob, voltage gated calcium channels open and calcium ions diffuses inward from the extracellular fluid. It initiates a series of events that fuse the synaptic vesicles with the cell membrane, where they release their neurotransmitters by exocytosis. The binding of neurotransmitters to the receptors of the post-synaptic cell leads to the transmission of an impulse. In this way, transmission of nerve impulses through a chemical synapse is unidirectional. Thus, a pre-synaptic neuron is required that releases neurotransmitters and facilitate the transmission of an impulse across the synapse.

Answer the questions after observing the diagram given below. Can you name the channel responsible for their transmission?

Neurotransmitters binds to ligand-gated ion channels and channels open in response to ligand binding. These channels control synaptic transmission between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle. Ligand-gated ion channels are also commonly referred to as ionotropic receptors. They are a group of transmembrane ion-channel proteins which open to allow ions such as Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and/or Cl − to pass through the membrane in response to the binding of a chemical messenger.