Name: Oxoacids of Halogens
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 4 min 46 s
Description: Halogens generally form four kinds of oxoacids, namely, hypohalous acids, halous acids, halic acids and perhalic acids. Let’s delve into the world of oxoacids.

Question

Explain Haber process for manufacture of ammonia with the help of flow chart and chemical equations. Write two important uses of Ammonia.

Accepted Answer

Ammonia is manufactured by the direct combination of nitrogen and hydrogen in the ratio $1 : 3$ by volume.

Reaction:

$N_{2} (g) + 3 H_{2} (g) ⇌ 2 {NH}_{3} (g); ΔH = - 46 kJ {mol}^{- 1}$ .

According to Le-Chatelier’s principle, high yield of Ammonia is obtained under the following favourable conditions.

(a) High pressure of $200 atm$

(b) Temperature of $~ 700 K$

(c) Use of Iron oxide as Catalyst in presence of small amounts of $K_{2} O$ and ${Al}_{2} O_{3}$ as promoters.

Procedure:

Step-1: Dry $N_{2}$ and $H_{2}$ in the ratio $1 : 3$ compressed at $200 atm$ in compressor.

Step-2: Compressed gas passed through catalytical chamber, in presence of $Fe$ , catalytical promoter $Mo$ and $700 K$ forms ammonia.

Step-3: The ammonia formed is cooled in coolant below $239 K$ .

Step-4: The unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen are recirculated to compressor using pump. The above step repeated to get maximum yield.

About $80 %$ of the ammonia produced by industry is used in agriculture as fertilizer. Ammonia is also used as a refrigerant gas, for purification of water supplies, and in the manufacture of plastics, explosives, textiles, pesticides, dyes and other chemicals.

Explain Haber process for manufacture of ammonia with the help of flow chart and chemical equations. Write two important uses of Ammonia.

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