Explain the following: Group $2$ metals (Mg and Ca) are harder and denser than group $1$ metals (Na and K).

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Lithium salts are hydrated.
Reason (R) : Lithium has higher polarising power than other alkali metal group members.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A : The energy required to form ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}$from $\mathrm{Mg}$ is much higher than that required to produce ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{+}$

Reason R:${\mathrm{Mg}}^{2+}$ is small ion and carry more charge than ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{+}$

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as

Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.

Assertion A : Beryllium has less negative value of reduction potential compared to the other alkaline earth metals

Reason R : Beryllium has large hydration energy due to small size of ${\mathrm{Be}}^{2+}$but relatively large value of atomisation enthalpy.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

Identify the correct statements about alkali metals.

A. The order of standard reduction potential $({\mathrm{M}}^{+} | \mathrm{M})$ for alkali metal ions is $\mathrm{Na} > \mathrm{Rb} > \mathrm{Li}$.

B. $\mathrm{CsI}$ is highly soluble in water.

C. Lithium carbonate is highly stable to heat.

D. Potassium dissolved in concentrated liquid ammonia is blue and paramagnetic.

E. All alkali metal hydrides are ionic solids.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

The standard electrode potential of ${\mathrm{M}}^{+}/\mathrm{M}$ in aqueous solution does not depend on

Match List-I with List-II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: