Explain zener breakdown.

What is zener diode? How is it used as a voltage regulator?

In which bias can a Zener diode be used as voltage regulator?

With reference to semiconductor devices, define a $p$-type semiconductor and a Zener diode. What is the use of Zener diode?

In the circuit shown, what will be the current through the $6 \mathrm{V}$ zener?

Draw a labelled diagram of a Zener diode as a voltage regulator.

Draw circuit diagram and explain the working of a zener diode as a dc voltage regulator with the help of its I-V characteristic.

Draw the graph showing the variation of current with voltage for a p-n junction diode, when the diode is

$\left(\mathrm{i}\right)$ forward biased 

$\left(\mathrm{ii}\right)$ reverse biased

What will be the current flowing through the $6 \mathrm{k\Omega }$ resistor in the circuit shown, where the breakdown voltage of the Zener is $6 \mathrm{V}?$

You know that to get a regulated d.c voltage, we connect a Zener diode across the output terminals of a rectifier Draw a circuit diagram comprising a Zener diode, series resistor $\left({\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{S}}\right)$and a load resistor $\left({\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{L}}\right)$ indicate the direction of current ${\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{Z} ,}{\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{S}}(=\mathrm{I}, \mathrm{total} \mathrm{current}) \mathrm{and} {\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{L}}$ passing through the Zener diode,${\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{S},}{\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{L}}$ respectively. Choose the correct option from the following,

(1) ${\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{L}}={\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{Z}}$ (2) $I_L> I_Z$ (3) $I_L< I_Z$

 How can we achieve the right option?

In such a circuit if ${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{Z}}=6 \mathrm{V}, {\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{L}}=4.0 \mathrm{A}, \mathrm{and} {\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{Z}}=20 \mathrm{mA}$ and the unregulated input is $10 \mathrm{V}$, calculate the value of series to work satisfactorily.

Two Zener diodes ($A$ and $B$) having breakdown voltages of $6 \mathrm{V}$ and  $4 \mathrm{V}$ respectively, are connected as shown in the circuit below. The output voltage $V_0$ variation with input voltage linearly increasing with time, is given by ($V_{input} = 0 \mathrm{V} \text{at} t = 0$)

A zener diode of rating $100 \mathrm{mW}$  is to be used as a voltage regulator. If the zener diode has the breakdown voltage of $5\mathrm{V}$ and it has to regulate voltage which fluctuate between $3\mathrm{V}$ and $7\mathrm{V}$, what should be the value of ${\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{S}}$ for safe operation.

For the circuit shown below, calculate the value of $I_{\mathrm{z}}:$

Take the breakdown voltage of the zener diode used in the given circuit as $6 \mathrm{V}$. For the input voltage shown in the figure below, the time variation of the output voltage is: (Graphs drawn are schematic and not to the scale)

The value of the resistor, $R_S$, needed in the DC voltage regulator circuit shown here, equals: