For the following acids the rate of decarboxylation on heating would be:

$\text{I}$. 

$\text{II}$. 

$\text{III}$. ${\mathrm{CH}}_3-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-\mathrm{COOH}$

$\text{IV}$. $\mathrm{HOOC}-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-\mathrm{COOH}$

$\mathrm{R}-\stackrel{\mathrm{O}}{\stackrel{\left|\right|}{\mathrm{C}}}-\mathrm{Cl}\stackrel{{\mathrm{NH}}_3}{\to }{\mathrm{NH}}_4\mathrm{Cl}+\left(\mathrm{X}\right)\underset{∆}{\overset{{\mathrm{P}}_4{\mathrm{O}}_{10}}{\to }}\left(\mathrm{Y}\right)\underset{\left(\mathrm{ii}\right) {\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{\overset{\left(\mathrm{i}\right) \mathrm{DIBAL}-\mathrm{H}}{\to }}\left(\mathrm{Z}\right)$

The compound $\left(\mathrm{Z}\right)$ is:

The given reaction

is known as:

In which of the following reactions Benzaldehyde is the final major product?

$\left(\mathrm{i}\right)$ $\mathrm{Ph}-{\mathrm{CH}}_3+{\mathrm{CrO}}_3+{\left({\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{CO}\right)}_2\mathrm{O}\stackrel{273-283\mathrm{K}}{⟶} \underset{∆}{\overset{{\mathrm{H}}_3{\mathrm{O}}^{+}}{\to }}$

$\left(\mathrm{ii}\right)$ $\mathrm{Ph}-{\mathrm{CH}}_3\underset{\mathrm{hv}}{\overset{{\mathrm{C}}_2}{\to }}\mathrm{Ph}-{\mathrm{CHCl}}_2\underset{100°\mathrm{C}}{\overset{{\mathrm{H}}_2\mathrm{O}}{\to }}$

$\left(\mathrm{iii}\right)$ ${\mathrm{C}}_6{\mathrm{H}}_6 \underset{{\mathrm{AlCl}}_3}{\overset{\mathrm{CO}+\mathrm{HCl}}{\to }}$

$\left(\mathrm{iv}\right)$ $\mathrm{Ph}-\mathrm{COCl}+{\left({\mathrm{CH}}_3\right)}_2\mathrm{Cd}⟶$

The treatment of 

with concentrated $\mathrm{NaOH}$ gives:

Compound 

formed by the reaction of furfural 

with ethanol is: