What do detritus food chains begin with?

Detritus food chain is a type of food chain that begins with dead and decaying organic matter and is made up of decomposers such as bacteria and fungi. They meet their energy and nutrient requirements by degrading the dead organic matter. Decomposers secrete digestive enzymes that break down waste materials into simple forms, which are later absorbed by them.

Give a reason for the following. The equilibrium of a forest ecosystem can be disturbed by the uncontrolled hunting of big predators.

An ecosystem is defined as a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. Every living and nonliving organism are equally important in an ecosystem to maintain equilibrium and sustain life. The equilibrium of a forest ecosystem can be disturbed by uncontrolled hunting of big predators as the population of herbivores will increase rapidly, which will exhaust vegetation. This will cause herbivores to starve to death, which will eventually affect the population of carnivores.

Give a graphical representation of the carbon cycle in nature.

The carbon cycle is a cyclical process in which carbon atoms continually travel from the atmosphere to the Earth and then back into the atmosphere. It has been shown below:

Define standing crop.

Standing crop is the mass of living materials in a particular trophic level at a specific time. It is measured as the mass of living organisms or their number in a unit area. The biomass is expressed in terms of fresh and dry weight.

Explain Rivet Popper Hypothesis.

The Rivet Popper Hypothesis was proposed by Paul Ehrlich. He compared each species with a rivet in the body of an aeroplane and considered the ecosystem to be an aeroplane and the species to be the rivets joining all parts together. This hypothesis suggests the importance of species richness in the maintenance of the ecosystem.

Give reasons for the following: Climax stage is achieved quickly in secondary succession as compared to primary succession.

Primary succession begins from a bare area such as a rock or a newly constructed pond that does not have soil. Hence, the pioneer species of this succession are more tolerant and eventually contribute to the formation of the soil. Secondary succession takes place in an area where a biological community has already existed. The climax stage is achieved quickly in secondary succession as compared to primary succession as the substratum or organic matter, nutrients and spores of different organisms are left behind by previously present conditions.

Give one significant contribution of the following scientist. R.Mishra

Ramdeo Misra is known for his remarkable contribution in the field of Ecology which refers to the study of organisms and how they interact with the surrounding environment. He is considered as Father of Indian Ecology. The first MAB (Man and Biosphere) Research Programme in India was launched by him at Varanasi in 1975.