Question

Give the principle on which AC generator works. With schematic diagram explain the basic parts of AC generator.

Accepted Answer

AC generators work on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. This law states that electro motive force is generated in a current carrying loop that is placed in a uniform magnetic field. Whenever a coil is rotated about its axis perpendicular to the uniform magnetic field, the magnetic flux in the coil changes and an induced emf is set up across its ends.

The various part of the AC generator are -:

(a) Magnet poles - The magnets are placed as shown in the figure, the north pole and the South Pole are kept facing each other. This is done to ensure that the magnetic field is constant throughout the structure. The rectangular coil is placed between these magnets.

(b) Insulated copper wire - A rectangular rotating coil of wire. It is used to make connections.

(c) Split Rings - It changes the direction of current in the loops, ensuring that the electricity from a battery is able to produce continuous rotation of the loops.

(d) Axle - The split rings are placed on the axle which is made to rotate freely from an external source.

(e) Brushes - The brushes are carbon brushes and one end of each brush is connected to the ring and their other end is connected to the circuit.

(f) Galvanometer - It is used to measure current. The outer ends of the brushes are connected to the galvanometer to measure the current flowing through the circuit.

(g) Shaft: A shaft is like a handle attached to the coil, which is used for moving the coil. It basically makes rotation easier and faster.

Give the principle on which AC generator works. With schematic diagram explain the basic parts of AC generator.

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