Given below are two statements :

Statement I : Non-biodegradable wastes are generated by the thermal power plants.

Statement II : Bio-degradable detergents leads to eutrophication.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the option given below:

Given below are two statements:

Statement $\mathrm{I}$: A mixture of chloroform and aniline can be separated by simple distillation.

Statement $\mathrm{II}$: When separating aniline from a mixture of aniline and water by steam distillation aniline boils below its boiling point.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Given below are two statements:
Statement-I: Retardation factor $\left({\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{f}}\right)$ can be measured in meter/centimetre.

Statement-II: ${\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{f}}$ value of a compound remains constant in all solvents.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Using the provided information in the following paper chromatogram:

The calculated ${\mathrm{R}}_{\mathrm{f}}$ value of $\mathrm{A} \mathrm{is} \mathrm{\_\_\_\_\_}\times {10}^{-1}$.