Coliform bacteria are nonpathogenic bacteria present in human excreta. Their MPN (most possible number) per 100 mL of water indicates the degree of contamination by sewage and danger of water-borne diseases.

Three Rs stands for Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. There is an increase in the generation of solid waste by human society because of industrial growth, higher commercial activity, changing lifestyle, use and throw habit.

Forest is a large area covered chiefly with trees, undergrowth of shrubs, herbs, climbers and wildlife with several other types of organisms. They account for 70% of the primary productivity of terrestrial areas. Forests are called biodiversity hotspots.

Wildlife includes the undomesticated animal species of the wild or natural habitats without human support. It occurs in all types of ecosystems, and it forms biodiversity hotspots.

Hotspot (Myers, 1988) is the area which is rich in biodiversity, but the same is threatened with degradation if remedial steps are not taken immediately. Forests are called biodiversity hotspots because they are also the most threatened areas due to indiscriminate exploitation. Loss of biodiversity leads to loss of ecological balance and stability.