Match the items in Column A with the items in Column B. Column A Column B 1. Bacterium a. Discovered penicillin 2. Fungus b. Malaria 3. Protozoan c. Discovered fermentation 4. Virus d. Pickles 5. Edward Jenner e. Rust of wheat 6. Louis Pasteur f. Measles 7. Robert Koch g. Cholera 8. Alexander Fleming h. Meat 9. Sodium benzoate i. Squashes 10. Salt j. Discovered the vaccine for smallpox 11. Sugar k. Discovered the bacterium Bacillus anthracis 12. Oil l. Jellies

1-g Cholera is caused by a bacterium. The name of the bacterium is Vibrio cholerae . It is an acutely infectious disease. This disease is transmitted by flies, contaminated water and food. 2-e ‘Rust of wheat’ is a disease which occurs in wheat plants and caused by the fungi. This disease is transmitted through air and seeds. 3-b Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite, Plasmodium . It is spread by the bite of the insect vector, known as Female Anopheles , which is a mosquito. It feeds on human blood. 4-f Measles is a viral disease. It is caused by the measles virus. The genetic material in this virus is single stranded RNA virus. This virus spreads by coughing and sneezing. 5-j Edward Jenner discovered the vaccine for smallpox. Edward Jenner is an English physician who developed the process of vaccination in the year 1796. Three centuries ago, he realized that the women who milked the cows had cowpox, but they did not catch the smallpox even during the epidemics, because their body became resistant to that particular virus, smallpox which is related to the cowpox. 6-c Louis Pasteur discovered the process of fermentation in 1857. Fermentation is the process of conversion of sugar into alcohol by the action of yeast. 7-k Robert Koch discovered the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It is a rod-shaped bacterium which causes Anthrax disease in cattle. This bacteria can also infect humans by direct or indirect contact with sick animals. Spores of the bacteria enter the human body through wounds or by eating the contaminated beef. 8-a Penicillin is an antibiotic which was discovered by Alexander Fleming. It is extracted from tiny fungus known as ‘ Penicillium ’. Penicillin is used to control bacterial and fungal infections. 9-i Sodium benzoate is a chemical used for the preservation of food. It is used to preserve jams, jellies, juices and squashes. It kills the food spoiling bacteria but does not harm us. 10-h Salt is used to preserve the food. It prevents the growth of microorganisms. Meat and fish are preserved by using this method. This method is also used to preserve raw mangoes, lemon and amla in the form of pickles. 11-i Sugar is used to preserve the jams and jellies from fruits. It reduces the moisture content from the fruits which prevents the growth of the microorganisms which spoil the fruits. 12-d Oil is used to preserve pickles. It inhibits the growth of microorganisms that spoils the food. Raw mango, amla and lemon are preserved as pickles. Column A Column B 1. Bacterium g. Cholera 2. Fungus e. Rust of wheat 3. Protozoan b. Malaria 4. Virus f. Measles 5. Edward Jenner j. Discovered the vaccine for smallpox 6. Louis Pasteur c. Discovered fermentation 7. Robert Koch k. Discovered the bacterium Bacillus anthracis 8. Alexander Fleming a. Discovered penicillin 9. Sodium benzoate i. Squashes 10. Salt h. Meat 11. Sugar l. Jellies 12. Oil d. Pickles

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Study Mate Science Class 8>Chapter 2 - Micro-Organisms: Friend and Foe>NUT Cracker>Q IV

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Louis Pasteur discovered fermentation in:

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Important Questions on Micro-Organisms: Friend and Foe

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Study Mate Science Class 8>Chapter 2 - Micro-Organisms: Friend and Foe>NUT Cracker>Q IV

Who discovered the vaccine for smallpox?

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Study Mate Science Class 8>Chapter 2 - Micro-Organisms: Friend and Foe>NUT Cracker>Q IV

Rust of wheat spreads through

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Study Mate Science Class 8>Chapter 2 - Micro-Organisms: Friend and Foe>NUT Cracker>Q IV

Which of the following is a plant disease?

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Study Mate Science Class 8>Chapter 2 - Micro-Organisms: Friend and Foe>NUT Cracker>Q IV

One of the following diseases can infect both humans and cattle:

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Study Mate Science Class 8>Chapter 2 - Micro-Organisms: Friend and Foe>NUT Cracker>Q V

Match the items in Column A with the items in Column B.

Column A	Column B
1. Bacterium	a. Discovered penicillin
2. Fungus	b. Malaria
3. Protozoan	c. Discovered fermentation
4. Virus	d. Pickles
5. Edward Jenner	e. Rust of wheat
6. Louis Pasteur	f. Measles
7. Robert Koch	g. Cholera
8. Alexander Fleming	h. Meat
9. Sodium benzoate	i. Squashes
10. Salt	j. Discovered the vaccine for smallpox
11. Sugar	k. Discovered the bacterium Bacillus anthracis
12. Oil	l. Jellies