Agriculture

1. Agriculture is the major source of livelihood for about 58% of Indians. Gross Value Added (GVA) by agriculture, forestry, and fishing was estimated at Rs. 19.48 lakh crore in FY20.

2. The share of agriculture and allied sectors in Gross Value added (GVA) of India at current prices stood 17.8 % in FY20.

3. The Indian food processing industry accounts for 32% of India's total food market. It is one of the largest industries in India and ranked fifth in terms of production, consumption, export and expected growth.

4. Market Size

5. Foodgrain production reached 296.65 million tonnes during the 2019-20 crop year.

6. Production of horticulture crops was estimated at 319.56 million metric tonnes (MMT) in FY20 in India as per third advance estimates.

7. Sugar production reached 26.46 MT between October 2019 and May 2020 in India.

8. Agricultural export from India reached US$ 38.54 billion in FY19 and US$ 35.09 billion in FY20.

Some Major Investments and Developments in Agriculture:

1. Nestle India will invest Rs. 700 crore in construction of its ninth factory in Gujarat.

2. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) developed two diagnostic kits-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), and the Japanese Encephalitis lgM ELISA were in October 2019.

3. Investment worth Rs. 8,500 crore have been announced in India for ethanol production.

Major Indian Soils and Their Characteristics:

1. Alluvial Soils: It is mainly formed due to silt deposition by Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra rivers.

2. Black Soils: They are formed from the volcanic parent material found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, parts of Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.

3. Red Soils: They are formed from the parent material of crystalline and metamorphic rocks and found mainly in Tamil Nadu.

4. Laterite soil: They are mostly the end products of weathering formed under high-temperature conditions and heavy rainfall.
Forest – Mountain Soils: They are found mainly on the hill slopes covered by forests.

5. Saline – Alkaline Soils: They cover a total area of 1.42 lakh sq km (4.32%).
They are usually deficient in organic matter while rich in phosphorus.

6. Peaty – Marshy Soils: They have a large amount of organic matter and soluble salts.

Irrigation

Sources of Irrigation in India:

Canal Irrigation: It accounts for about 24% of the total irrigation in the nation.

Well Irrigation: There are two types of Well irrigation. One is Open Well and another one is Tube Well.

Tank Irrigation: Tank Irrigation is an old system of irrigation in India. It is popular in peninsular India.

Drip System: PER DROP MORE CROP(Improving water use efficiency) – Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY). Andra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu accounts for 78% of total micro Irrigation in the country.

Rain Gun: It is throwing water like rain using a Water gun or rain gun. For example Maize, Sugarcane.

Multipurpose River Valley Projects in India

1. Bhakhra Nangal Project = Punjab, Harayana, Rajasthan

2. Chambal Project = Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan

3. Damodar Valley Project = Jharkhand, West Bengal

4. Farakka Barrage = West Bengal

5. Indira Gandhi Canal

6. Hirakud Project = Orissa

7. Kakrapura project = Gujarat

8. Koyna Project = Maharashtra

9. Nagarjuna Sagar project = Andhra Pradesh

10. Rihand project = U.P

11. Thien Dam = Punjab

12. Tungabhadra project = Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh

Government Initiatives

1. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana.

2. National Scheme of Welfare of Fishermen.

3. KCC for animal husbandry and fisheries.

4. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi.

5. PM Kisan Maan Dhan Yojana.

6. Interest subvention for the dairy sector.

7. Credit facility for farmers.

8. Crop insurance schemes.

9. Electronic National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)

10. PM Matsya Sampada Yojana

11. Scheme for Agro-Marine Processing and Development of Agro-Processing Clusters (SAMPADA)

	List-I		List-II
A.	Agriculture	1.	Cultivation of grapes
B.	Horticulture	2.	Growing crops and farming
C.	Pisciculture	3.	Growing flowers, fruits and vegetables
D.	Viticulture	4.	Breeding Codes

Match the following: List-I List-II A. Agriculture 1. Cultivation of grapes B. Horticulture 2. Growing crops and farming C. Pisciculture 3. Growing flowers, fruits and vegetables D. Viticulture 4. Breeding Codes

Important Questions on Agriculture

Learn and Prepare for any exam you want !

Match the following:

List-I List-II

A. Agriculture 1. Cultivation of grapes

B. Horticulture 2. Growing crops and farming

C. Pisciculture 3. Growing flowers, fruits and vegetables

D. Viticulture 4. Breeding Codes