Match the following with respect to meiosis (a) Zygotene (i) Terminalization (b) Pachytene (ii) Chiasmata (c) Diplotene (iii) Crossing over (d) Diakinesis (iv) Synapsis Select the correct option from the following

(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

(a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)

(a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)

(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

One cycle of DNA replication but two cycles each of cell division and nuclear division

Two cycles each of DNA replication, cell division and nuclear division

Two cycles of DNA replication but one cycle each of cell division and nuclear division

One cycle each of DNA replication, cell division and nuclear division

Select the correct option: I II ( a ) Synapsis aligns homologous chromosomes ( i ) Anaphase – II ( b ) Synthesis of RNA and protein ( i i ) Zygotene ( c ) Action of enzyme recombinase ( i i i ) G 2 – phase ( d ) Centromeres do not separate but chromatids move towards opposite poles ( i v ) Anaphase – I ( v ) Pachytene

( a ) ( i i ) ( b ) ( i i i ) ( c ) ( v ) ( d ) ( i v )

( a ) ( i i ) ( b ) ( i ) ( c ) ( i i i ) ( d ) ( i v )

( a ) ( i ) ( b ) ( i i ) ( c ) ( v ) ( d ) ( i v )

( a ) ( i i ) ( b ) ( i i i ) ( c ) ( i v ) ( d ) ( v )

Meiosis I is a reduction division and meiosis II is equational due to

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

In meiosis, crossing over is initiated at _________.

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

If the mature egg cell of a diploid organism has

6

chromosomes, then the total number of chromatids in the Anaphase

I

of meiosis would be

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Regarding meiosis, which of the statements is incorrect?

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Match the following with respect to meiosis

(a)	Zygotene	(i)	Terminalization
(b)	Pachytene	(ii)	Chiasmata
(c)	Diplotene	(iii)	Crossing over
(d)	Diakinesis	(iv)	Synapsis

Select the correct option from the following

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Match the changes which occur in the chromosomes during meiosis, with the different phases of prophase-I.

	List - I		List - II
(a)	Pachytene	(i)	Compaction of chromosomes
(b)	Zygotene	(ii)	Terminalisation of chiasmata
(c)	Diplotene	(iii)	Pairing of chromosomes
(d)	Leptotene	(iv)	Dissolution of synaptonemal complex
		(v)	Recombination nodule

The correct answer is

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

The enzyme recombinase is required at which stage of meiosis:

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

The appearance of recombination nodules on homologous chromosomes during meiosis characterizes:

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Arrange the following statements on meiosis in a correct sequence.
A) Terminalisation of chiasmata.
B) Dissolution of synaptonemal complex.
C) Homologous chromosome separation.
D) Appearance of recombination nodules.
E) Pairing of homologous chromosomes.
F) Disappearance of nuclear envelope.

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Assertion $(A) :$ In crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes occur during both mitotic and meiotic cell divisions.

Reason $(R) :$ The process of crossing over is only possible and is mediated by recombinase.

The correct answer is:

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

In prophase I of meiosis, synaptonemal complex is formed between

I)

Pair of homologous chromosomes

I I)

Tetrad of chromatids

I I I)

Bivalent chromosomes

I V)

Recombination modules of non sister chromatids

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Dissolution of the synaptonemal complex occurs during

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Arrange the following events of meiosis in the correct sequence:

i. Crossing over

ii. Synapsis

iii. Terminalisation of chiasmata

iv. Disappearance of the nucleolus

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

During meiosis

I,

in which stage synapsis takes place?

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Meiosis I and Meiosis II are characterised by the separation of:

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Identify the event in meiosis mediated by the enzyme recombinase.

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Meiosis involves:

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Number of bivalents, chromatid tetrads, DNA strands, telomers present in pachytene phase of meiocyte of Maize

EASY

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

The correct sequence of events in prophase I is:

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Match the stages of meiosis of Column-I to their characteristic features in Column-II and select the correct option using the codes given below:

Column-I		Column–II
a.	Pachytene	(i)	The pairing of homologous chromosomes
b.	Metaphase I	(ii)	Terminalization of chiasmata
c.	Diakinesis	(iii)	Crossing-over takes place
d.	Zygotene	(iv)	Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate

MEDIUM

Life Sciences>From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes>Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.>Growth and Development of Organisms - In multicellular organisms individual cells grow and then divide via a process called mitosis, thereby allowing the organism to grow. The organism begins as a single cell (fertilized egg) that divides successively to produce many cells, with each parent cell passing identical genetic material (two variants of each chromosome pair) to both daughter cells. Cellular division and differentiation produce and maintain a complex organism, composed of systems of tissues and organs that work together to meet the needs of the whole organism.

Select the correct option:

	I		II
( $a$ )	Synapsis aligns homologous chromosomes	( $i$ )	Anaphase – II
( $b$ )	Synthesis of RNA and protein	( $i i$ )	Zygotene
( $c$ )	Action of enzyme recombinase	( $i i i$ )	$G_{2}$ – phase
( $d$ )	Centromeres do not separate but chromatids move towards opposite poles	( $i v$ )	Anaphase – I
		( $v$ )	Pachytene

Meiosis I is a reduction division and meiosis II is equational due to

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