Relate the technology with the scientific principle: Technology Scientific principle 1. Steam engine A- Propagation of e.m wave 2. Nuclear reactor B- Newtons law of motion 3. Radio and TV C- superconductivity 4. Computers D- Role of DNA in heredity 5. Lasers E- Thermodynamics 6. Ultra-high magnetic fields F- Faraday law of induction 7. Rocket propulsion G- Conversion of gravitational potential energy into electrical energy 8. Genetic engineering H- Motion of charge particle into an electric field 9. Electric generators I- Fission of uranium by slow neutrons 10. Hydroelectric power J- Amplification by population inversion 11. Aeroplanes K- Digital logic of the electronic circuit 12. Particle accelerator L- Bernoulli's principle in fluid dynamic 13. Photocell M- Thin-film optical interference 14. Electron microscope N- Reflection of ultrasonic waves 15. Non-reflecting coating O- Total internal reflection in light 16. Optical fibre P- Photoelectric effect 17. Sonar Q- Wave nature of electron

The different technology are related as following with the scientific principles: Technology Scientific principle 1. Steam engine E- Thermodynamics 2. Nuclear reactor I- Fission of uranium by slow neutrons 3. Radio and TV A- Propagation of E.M waves 4. Computers K- Digital logic of electronic circuit 5. Lasers J- Amplification by population inversion 6. Ultra high magnetic fields C- Superconductivity 7. Rocket propulsion B- Newton's law of motion 8. Genetic engineering D- Role of DNA in heredity 9. Electric generators F- Faraday's law of induction 10. Hydro electric power G- Conversion of gravitational potential energy into electrical energy 11. Aeroplanes L- Bernoulli's principle in fluid dynamics 12. Particle accelerator H- Motion of charged particle in an electric field 13. Photo cell P- Photoelectric -effect 14. Electron microscope Q- Wave nature of electron 15. Non-reflecting coating M- Thin -film optical interference 16. Optical fibre O- Total internal reflection in light 17. Sonar N- Reflection of ultrasonic waves

Match the Indian scientist 'name with the contribution/discovery: Scientist Discovery / contribution (i) J.C. Bose (a) Thermal ionization (ii) C.V. Raman (b) Cosmic radiation and nuclear weapons (iii) M.N.Saha (c) Quantum statistics (iv) S.N. Bose (d) Ultrasonic radio waves (v) H.J.Bhabha (e) Structure and evolution of stars (vi) S. Chandrashekhar (f) Inelastic scattering of light by molecules.

The Indian scientist J.C.Bose worked in the field of radio and microwave optics. The Raman effect is termed after the name of C.V.Raman. When the light passes through a material, it is scattered. The wavelength of the scattered light is changed because the molecule of the material goes to a higher energy state as the light falls on it. Later on the molecule come back to the lower level as it emits energy. M.N.Saha developed an ionization equation which is used to describe chemical and physical conditions in stars. S.N.Bose worked on quantum mechanics and developed Bose-Einstein statistics. H.J.Bhabha worked in the field of nuclear physics. S.Chandrashekhar was an astrophysicist who proved that there was an upper limit to the mass of a white dwarf. This limit is termed as Chandrashekhar limit. Scientist Discovery / contribution (i) J.C. Bose (d)Ultrasonic radio waves (ii) C.V. Raman (f)Inelastic scattering of light by molecules (iii) M.N.Saha (a)Thermal ionisation (iv) S.N. Bose (c)Quantum statistics (v) H.J.Bhabha (b)Cosmic radiations and nuclear weapons (vi) S.Chandrashekhar (e)Structure and evolution of stars The above table shows the correct match.

Science is a systematically organized knowledge of the natural and social world which is gained through experimental observations (Measurement and data) and logic. It is the study of the nature and behaviour of natural things. It can be classified into two parts: (i) The science which deals with non-living things is called physical science. (ii) The science which deals with living things is called biological science. Note: (i) This classification does not separate various branches with each other. In fact, these branches merge to study nature and its laws. (ii) Physics is a branch of science which deals with the study of nature and natural phenomenon. The study includes study of winds, clouds, sun, nucleus and phenomenon like occurrence of day and night, orbiting of planets, formation of rainbow, etc.

Physics is the study of nature and its laws. Physics is concerned with the basic rules which are applicable to all domains of life. We can say that laws of nature are revealed from the observed events is physics. For example, the orbiting of the moon around the earth, falling of an apple from a tree and tides in a sea on a full moon night can all be explained if we know Newton's law of gravitation and Newton's laws of motion.

The systematic knowledge collected through observation of nature is called science. Note: In order to systematise, an ever-increasing pool of knowledge of science is classified into the following branches of science: Physical-science (Physics), Chemical-science (Chemistry), Biological-science (Biology), Mathematics, Agriculture-science, Medical-science, computer- science, Astrological-science (Astronomy), Geological-science (Geology), etc.

Physics is the study of nature and its laws. We can say that laws of nature are revealed from the observed events is physics. For example, the orbiting of the moon around the earth, falling of an apple from a tree and tides in a sea on a full moon night can all be explained if we know Newton's law of gravitation and Newton's laws of motion. Post-Newtonian concepts in physics come under Modern physics. Main branches of physics are classical, relativistic and quantum. Physics is concerned with the basic rules which are applicable to all domains of life. Therefore, understanding physics leads to applications in a wide range of fields including engineering sciences and medical sciences.

Match the scientist with contribution/ discovery Scientist Contribution/ discovery (i) Faraday (a) Law of gravitation (ii) Rutherford (b) Quantum model of hydrogen (iii) Chadwick (c) Unification of light and electromagnetism (iv) Bohr (d) Theory of relativity, explanation of photoelectric effect (v) Newton (e) x-rays (vi) Maxwell (f) Unification of weak and electromagnetic interaction (vii) Salaam (g) Law of electromagnetic induction (viii) Einstein (h) Expansion of universe (ix) Roentgen (i) Neutron (x) Madam Curie (j) Nuclear model of atom (xi) J.J. Thomson (k) Wave nature of light (xii) de Broglie (l) Transistor (xiii) John Bardeen (m) Electron (xiv) Hubble (n) Discovery of radium

The change in flux of magnetic field induces emf between the ends of the linked coil. The related laws are given by Faraday. Rutherford given the atomic model which shows that most of the part of the atom is empty and almost all the mass is concentrated in the nucleus of the atom. Later on, Bohr suggested that the electrons can revolve only in certain orbits and angular momentum of an electron is always quantized in an atom. In order to discover neutrons, Chadwick bombarded the Boron sheet with alpha particles to get the rays which were neutral. Newton explained the universal law of gravitation with the basis of Kepler's laws. Maxwell's four equations are the summarized way of explaining electromagnetism. Dr. Abdus Salam was a scientist who got the Nobel Prize for his groundwork for Higgs Boson (God particle). Einstein explained the photoelectric effect using quantum theory and his famous equation E = m c 2 is a consequence of his famous theory of relativity. Roentgen discovered high energy electromagnetic radiations X-rays. Madam curie got the Nobel Prize n the field of radioactivity for the discovery of radium. Study of cathode rays led to the discovery of electrons by J.J.Thomson. De Broglie hypothesis is about the wave associated with a moving mass. John Bardeen got the Nobel Prize twice, first for the invention of the transistor and then in the field of superconductivity. Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer. The name of NASA's Hubble telescope name is his honour. With the above knowledge, the table for the correct match is given below: Scientist Contribution/ discovery (i) Faraday (g) Law of electromagnetic induction (ii) Rutherford (j) Nuclear model of an atom (iii) Chadwick (i) Neutron (iv) Bohr (b) Quantum model of hydrogen (v) Newton (a) Law of gravitation (vi) Maxwell (c) Unification of light and electromagnetism (vii) Salaam (f) Unification of weak and electromagnetic interaction (viii) Einstein (d) Theory of relativity, explanation of photoelectric effect (ix) Roentgen (e) x-rays (x) Madam Curie (n) Discovery of radium (xi) J.J. Thomson (m) electron (xii) de Broglie (k) Wave nature of light (xiii) John Bardeen (l) Transistor (xiv) Hubble (h) Expansion of universe

Name that branch of science which deals with the study of Earth

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

A total solar eclipse is observed from the earth. At the same time an observer on the moon views the earth. She is most likely to see ( $E$ denotes the earth)

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EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

Some of the most profound statements on the nature of science have come from Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists of all time. What do you think did Einstein mean when he said: “The most incomprehensible thing about the world is that it is comprehensible”.

HARD

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

Relate the technology with the scientific principle:

Technology	Scientific principle
1. Steam engine	A- Propagation of e.m wave
2. Nuclear reactor	B- Newtons law of motion
3. Radio and TV	C- superconductivity
4. Computers	D- Role of DNA in heredity
5. Lasers	E- Thermodynamics
6. Ultra-high magnetic fields	F- Faraday law of induction
7. Rocket propulsion	G- Conversion of gravitational potential energy into electrical energy
8. Genetic engineering	H- Motion of charge particle into an electric field
9. Electric generators	I- Fission of uranium by slow neutrons
10. Hydroelectric power	J- Amplification by population inversion
11. Aeroplanes	K- Digital logic of the electronic circuit
12. Particle accelerator	L- Bernoulli's principle in fluid dynamic
13. Photocell	M- Thin-film optical interference
14. Electron microscope	N- Reflection of ultrasonic waves
15. Non-reflecting coating	O- Total internal reflection in light
16. Optical fibre	P- Photoelectric effect
17. Sonar	Q- Wave nature of electron

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

What are the two main tools of physics?

HARD

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

Match the Indian scientist 'name with the contribution/discovery:

Scientist	Discovery / contribution
(i) J.C. Bose	(a) Thermal ionization
(ii) C.V. Raman	(b) Cosmic radiation and nuclear weapons
(iii) M.N.Saha	(c) Quantum statistics
(iv) S.N. Bose	(d) Ultrasonic radio waves
(v) H.J.Bhabha	(e) Structure and evolution of stars
(vi) S. Chandrashekhar	(f) Inelastic scattering of light by molecules.

MEDIUM

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

What is science?

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

What is physics?

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

The galaxy in which we live is:

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

A prediction made by a scientist based on his observations is known as

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

The systematic knowledge collected through observation of nature is called _____.

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

What is science?

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

Optical fibres are based on

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

What is physics?

HARD

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

Match the scientist with contribution/ discovery

Scientist	Contribution/ discovery
(i) Faraday	(a) Law of gravitation
(ii) Rutherford	(b) Quantum model of hydrogen
(iii) Chadwick	(c) Unification of light and electromagnetism
(iv) Bohr	(d) Theory of relativity, explanation of photoelectric effect
(v) Newton	(e) x-rays
(vi) Maxwell	(f) Unification of weak and electromagnetic interaction
(vii) Salaam	(g) Law of electromagnetic induction
(viii) Einstein	(h) Expansion of universe
(ix) Roentgen	(i) Neutron
(x) Madam Curie	(j) Nuclear model of atom
(xi) J.J. Thomson	(k) Wave nature of light
(xii) de Broglie	(l) Transistor
(xiii) John Bardeen	(m) Electron
(xiv) Hubble	(n) Discovery of radium

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

The shells of crabs found around a particular coastal location in Japan seem mostly to resemble the legendary face of a Samurai. Given below are two explanations of this observed fact. Which of these strikes you as a scientific explanation?

MEDIUM

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

What is scientific method? Write down its different steps.

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

What do you understand by the term scientific method?

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

Cotyledons are also called-

EASY

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

“It is more important to have beauty in the equations of physics than to have them agree with experiments”. The great British physicist P.A.M. Dirac held this view. Criticize this statement. Look out for some which strike you as beautiful.

MEDIUM

Physics>Mechanics>Physical World>Understanding Physics

What do you understand by the term scientific method ?

Name that branch of science which deals with the study of Earth.

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