Name: All About Molecular Orbital Theory
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 9 min 36 s
Description: The molecular orbital theory revolutionised the study of chemical bonding by approximating the states of bonded electrons. Let's learn more about this theory.

Question

Predict the structure of each of the following and indicate whether the bond angles are likely to be distorted from the theoretical values:

(a) ${BeCl}_{2}$ (b) ${BCl}_{3}$ (c) ${SiCl}_{4}$ (d) ${PCl}_{5}$ (vapor)
(e) ${PF}_{3}$ (f) $F_{2} O$ (g) ${SF}_{4}$ (h) ${IF}_{5}$ (i) ${SO}_{2}$ (j) ${SF}_{6}$ .

Accepted Answer

${BeCl}_{2}$ :

${BCl}_{3}$ hybridization

Geometry: Linear

Bond angle: $180 °$

Bond angles are not distorted from the theoretical values.

${BCl}_{3}$ :

${sp}^{2}$ hybridization

Geometry: Trigonal planar

Bond angle: $120^{°}$

Bond angles are not distorted from the theoretical values.

${SO}_{2}$ :

${sp}^{3}$ hybridization

Geometry: Tetrahedral

Bond angle: $109.5 °$

Bond angles are not distorted from the theoretical values.

${PCl}_{5}$ (vapor):

${sp}^{3} d$ hybridization

Geometry: Trigonal bipyramidal

Bond angle: $120 °$ and $90 °$

Bond angle is not distorted from the theoretical value.

${PF}_{3}$ :

${sp}^{3}$ hybridization

Geometry: Trigonal pyramidal

Bond angle: $96.3 °$

Bond angle is distorted from the theoretical value due to repulsion by lone pairs.

${OF}_{2}$ :

${sp}^{3}$ hybridization

Geometry: Bent molecular shape

Bond angle: $103 °$

The theoretical bond angle is $109.5 °$ but repulsion by the lone pairs decrease the bond angle to about $103 °$ .

${SF}_{4}$ :

${sp}^{3} d$ hybridization

Geometry: See-saw

Bond angle: ${SO}_{2}$ and $173 °$

The theoretical bond angles are $120 °$ and $90 °$ but repulsion by lone pairs decrease the bond angle.

${IF}_{5}$ :

${sp}^{3} d^{2}$ hybridization

Octahedral domain geometry and square pyramidal molecular geometry.

Bond angle: $81.9 °$

Bond angle is less than $90 °$ due to the lone pair repulsion.

${SO}_{2}$ :

${sp}^{2}$ hybridization

Electron geometry is trigonal planar and molecular geometry is bent shaped.

Bond angle: $119 °$

Extra repulsion of lone pairs vs double bond accounts for reduction to $119 °$ from $120 °$ .

${SF}_{6}$ :

${sp}^{3} d^{2}$ hybridization

Geometry: Octahedral

Bond angle: $90 °$

Bond angle is not distorted from the theoretical value.

Important Questions on The Covalent Bond

Learn and Prepare for any exam you want !

Predict the structure of each of the following and indicate whether the bond angles are likely to be distorted from the theoretical values: (a) BeCl2 (b) BCl3 (c) SiCl4 (d) PCl5 (vapor) (e) PF3 (f) F2O (g) SF4 (h) IF5 (i) SO2 (j) SF6.

Important Questions on The Covalent Bond

Learn and Prepare for any exam you want !