Show by drawing labelled diagrams, the nature of output voltages in case of an amplifier.

Draw a neatly labelled circuit diagram of a full-wave rectifier using two junction diodes.

With reference to semiconductor devices, define a $p$-type semiconductor and a Zener diode. What is the use of Zener diode?

What is LED? Explain how radiations are given out by LED?

What is $p$-$n$ junction diode? Draw a diagram of forward and reverse biasing and explain how thickness of depletion region changes.

What is meant by rectifier and rectification? Draw circuit diagram of a $p$-$n$ junction diode as full and half-wave rectifier.

What do you understand by light-emitting diode (LED)? Explain photodiode and distinguish LED and photodiode. Draw their biasing also.

A $p$-$n$ junction diode can withstand currents up to a maximum of $10 \mathrm{mA}$. A resistor $R=200 \mathrm{\Omega }$ is connected in series with it. The diode, when forward-biased, has a potential drop of $0.5 \mathrm{V}$ across it which is assumed to be independent of current. Find the maximum voltage of the battery used to forward bias the diode.