\nThe monocot leaves possess three distinct regions- the epidermis (epidermal tissue system), mesophyll (ground tissue system), and vascular system.
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Epidermis: Each leaf has an upper and lower epidermis made up of a single layer of compactly arranged cells. The outer cells are covered with a thin or thick cuticle. In many kinds of grass, the epidermal cells are impregnated with silica. The stomata are generally present on both the leaf surfaces. All the epidermal cells are alike, but in Poa pratensis, Zea mays, Ammophilla arenaria, and many kinds of grass, the epidermis is made up of two types of cells. Either upper or lower epidermis bears groups of large bubble-like bulliform cells (motor cells). These special cells help in the rolling and unrolling of leaves to regulate water loss by osmotic changes.
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Mesophyll: The bulk of the tissues lying between the upper and the lower epidermis (except VBs) is called mesophyll. In most of the monocot leaves, the mesophyll is composed of similar types of cells (spongy parenchyma cells). All the mesophyll cells contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis. A few monocot leaves are dorsiventral and possess both palisade and spongy mesophylls.
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Vascular system: The monocot leaves are characterized by possessing parallel venation. Each vein comprises of a single vascular bundle. Each bundle is conjoint, collateral, and surrounded by a distinct bundle sheath. In some cases, the bundle sheath is connected with the upper and lower epidermis by groups of compact parenchymatous or sclerenchymatous cells called the bundle sheath extensions, more prominent towards the mid-rib region. Each VB consists of a xylem facing towards the upper epidermis and phloem towards the lower epidermis. The xylem and phloem elements are similar to that of the dicot leaves.
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\n\n"},"encodingFormat":"text/html","position":1,"text":"undifferentiated mesophyll \n "},"comment":{"@type":"Comment","text":"In monocots, the mesophyll cells are alike."},"eduQuestionType":"Multiple choice","encodingFormat":"text/markdown","learningResourceType":"Practice problem","suggestedAnswer":[{"@type":"Answer","comment":{"@type":"Comment","text":"It is a wrong option."},"encodingFormat":"text/html","position":0,"text":"multiple epidermis"},{"@type":"Answer","comment":{"@type":"Comment","text":"It is a wrong option."},"encodingFormat":"text/html","position":2,"text":"both (1) and (2) \n "},{"@type":"Answer","comment":{"@type":"Comment","text":"It is a wrong option."},"encodingFormat":"text/html","position":3,"text":"palisade on both sides"}],"text":"
Isobilateral leaves have
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