Name: Differences in Metals and Non-metals
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 2 min 37 s
Description: Do you know the difference between plastic and metal? You might know some differences. Let's find out the difference between metals and non-metal items in ou...

Question

The alkane, hexane,

C_{6} H_{14}

, can exist as five different structural isomers. An isomer is a compound that has the same molecular formula but a different structural formula. For example, butane can exist as a straight chain or as the isomer

2

-methylpropane. Both these isomers have the molecular formula

C_{4} H_{10}

. Apply your knowledge of nomenclature rules for the naming of alkanes and determine the structure and name of the five different isomers of hexane.

Accepted Answer

Hexane is a saturated hydrocarbon with the chemical formula $C_{6} H_{14}$ . It is the sixth member of the homologous series of alkanes. It can exist in five different structural isomers. They are:

Isomer IUPAC name

The longest carbon chain is six carbons long, so the parent chain is hex-. Since it is an alkane, the suffix will be -ane.

It does not contain any double or triple bonds and substituents. Therefore, its IUPAC name is n-Hexane or Hexane.

The longest carbon chain is five carbons long, so the parent chain is pent-. Since it is an alkane, the suffix will be -ane.

The given compound contains a methyl substitution at second carbon (numbered from left to right).

Its IUPAC name is $2$ -Methylpentane.

The longest carbon chain is five carbons long, so the parent chain is pent-. Since it is an alkane, the suffix will be -ane.

The given compound contains a methyl substitution at third carbon (numbered from left to right).

Its IUPAC name is $3$ -Methylpentane.

The longest carbon chain is four carbons long, so the parent chain is but-. Since it is an alkane, the suffix will be -ane.

The given compound contains two methyl substitutions at second carbon (numbered from left to right).

Its IUPAC name is $2, 2$ - Dimethylbutane.

The longest carbon chain is four carbons long, so the parent chain is but-. Since it is an alkane, the suffix will be -ane.

The given compound contains two methyl substitutions at second and third carbon (numbered from left to right).

Its IUPAC name is $2, 3$ -Dimethylbutane.

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