Observe the diagram of the young anther given below: Identify the parts labelled as A, B, C and D.

In the given transverse section of developing anther, the different layers are Epidermis, Endothecium, Middle layers and tapetum. These are labelled as follows:

Observe the diagram of the young anther given below: Which layer nourishes the developing pollen grain.

Tapetum (labelled as D) is the innermost wall layer that comprises a single layer of cells. This layer provides nourishment for the process of microsporogenesis and for the maturation of pollen grains. The cells of this layer can be uninucleated, binucleated or multinucleated and have dense cytoplasm.

Observe the diagram of the young anther given below: Which layer nourishes the developing pollen grain.

Tapetum (labelled as D) is the innermost wall layer that comprises a single layer of cells. This layer provides nourishment for the process of microsporogenesis and for the maturation of pollen grains. The cells of this layer can be uninucleated, binucleated or multinucleated and have dense cytoplasm.

Observe the diagram of the young anther given below: Identify the parts labelled as A, B, C and D.

In the given transverse section of developing anther, the different layers are Epidermis, Endothecium, Middle layers and tapetum. These are labelled as follows:

In Angiosperms, the female gametophyte is known as the embryo sac. Explain its development.

The angiosperm female gametophyte is critical for plant reproduction. Female gametophyte development begins early in ovule development with the formation of a diploid megaspore mother cell that undergoes meiosis. One resulting haploid megaspore then develops into the female gametophyte. The mature female gametophyte secretes peptides that guide the pollen tube to the embryo sac and contains protein complexes that prevent seed development before fertilization. Post-fertilization, the female gametophyte influences seed development through maternal-effect genes and by regulating parental contributions.

Synergids have special cellular thickenings at the micropylar end. Write the name and function of this structure.

The synergids have special cellular thickening at the micropylar tip called filiform apparatus, which plays an important role in guiding the pollen tube into the synergid.