The diagram given below is that of a structure present in a human kidney. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: What is the liquid entering part ‘1’ called? Name two substances present in this liquid that are reabsorbed in the tubule.

In the given diagram, marked part 1 is Bowman's capsule. The Bowman's capsule is a cup-like sac at the start of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney that completes the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine. The glomerular filtrate invades the Proximal Convoluted Tubule or PCT. About 65% of the glomerular filtrate has been reabsorbed in the PCT. These carry glucose, amino acids, vitamins, hormones, sodium, potassium, chlorides etc.

The diagram given below is that of a structure present in a human kidney. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: What is the fluid that comes to part ‘2’ called? Name the main nitrogenous waste in it.

In the given diagram, marked part 2 is the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). The coiled portion that arises from the bowman's capsule is called Proximal Convoluted Tubule(PCT). This tubule is formed by the single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. The fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli of the kidney is called glomerular filtrate. It is a thick part, which contains the major metabolic waste is the Urea.

The diagram given below represents an organ system in the human body. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: (i) Identify the system. (ii) Label the parts marked 2 and 4. Mention the function of part 5. (iii) Name the structural and functional units of the part marked 1. (iv) What is the fluid that accumulates in part 3? Which is the main nitrogenous waste present in it? (v) Draw a neat, labelled diagram showing the longitudinal section of part 1.

(i) Human urinary system: The human system includes organs like the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra. Kidneys are the primary excretory organs eliminating nitrogenous wastes from the blood and throwing it out in the form of urine. (ii) The parts of the urinary system are as follows: 2:Ureter: It is the tube passing from each kidney to the bladder for the conveyance of urine. 4: Sphincter: It is a ring-shaped muscle that relaxes or tightens to open or close a passage or opening in the body. 5: Urethra: It is the tube through which urine leaves the body. (iii) Nephron: It is the functional unit of the kidney. It is the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. (iv) Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder. Its main nitrogenous waste is urea. (v)

Correct and rewrite the statements by changing the biological term that is underlined in the statement: The kidney is composed of number of neurons .

Kidneys are two-bean-shaped organs present on either side of the vertebral column. Each kidney consists of number of coiled tubes called nephrons. They are the structural and functional units of the kidney. They are the filtering units of the urinary system, which filter out excess salts, urea, and water from the blood, and helps in the formation of urine. The kidney is composed of number of nephrons .

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is indicated in the brackets. Ureter and Urethra [function]

The ureter is to pass urine from the kidney to the bladder. The human body has two ureters that attach to the two kidneys. These are about 12 inches long and are tube-like structures that are part of the urinary tract. The urethra is a tube responsible for releasing urine to leave the body as it removes from the bladder. In men, semen also transmits the body through the urethra. Because of the differences between male and female genitals, the urethra is slightly different in each gender.

The diagram given below is that of a structure present in a human kidney. Study the same and answer the questions that follow: What is the fluid that comes to part ‘2’ called? Name the main nitrogenous waste in it.

In the given diagram, marked part 2 is the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). The coiled portion that arises from the bowman's capsule is called Proximal Convoluted Tubule(PCT). This tubule is formed by the single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells. The fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli of the kidney is called glomerular filtrate. It is a thick part, which contains the major metabolic waste is the Urea.