Name: Measuring Cells
Uploaded: 2019-07-19
Duration: 5 min 50 s
Description: This interesting video discusses the basics, such as using a stage micrometer to calibrate eyepiece graticule, magnification and resolution, in a simple and easy manner.

Question

The transmission electron microscope shows parts of two palisade cells from a leaf. Identify the labelled structures and write a brief statement about their function in a table.

Accepted Answer

Label Name of structure Function

A Cell wall The main function of the cell wall is to give shape and protection to the cell. It provides protection against pathogens. It prevents the cell from bursting when water enters the cell by osmosis. It regulates intercellular transport and expansion of cells.

Label Name of structure Function

B Nucleus It is a double-membrane enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It is the control unit of a cell that contains most of the genetic materials in the form of DNA. It controls growth and reproduction of the cell. It regulates the synthesis of various enzymes. The nucleus consists of an outer double-layered nuclear envelope, nuclear sap, chromatin and nucleolus.

Label Name of structure Function

C Nuclear membrane The nucleus consists of an outer double-layered nuclear envelope that encloses the nuclear sap, called nuclear membrane. It has many pores called nuclear pores that allow the movement of certain substances. It separates the content of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. It separates gene regulation and transcription in the nucleus from translation in the cytoplasm.

Label Name of structure Function

D Nucleolus It is non-membranous structure located inside the nucleus. The main function of nucleolus is the synthesis of ribosomes and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Label Name of structure Function

E Cell membrane
The plasma membrane also called the cell membrane, is the lipoproteinaceous layer that surrounds the cell and protects it from the outside environment. It is semipermeable that allow the passage of certain molecules through it. It maintains the internal environment of the cell. It also takes part in cell division, reproduction, etc.

Label Name of structure Function

F Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ER is the double membrane-bound organelle which is the largest internal membrane system in the cytoplasm of the cell. It is of two types on the basis of the presence of ribosomes. Endoplasmic reticulum which possesses ribosome called as rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and without ribosome is called smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The RER is responsible for the manufacturing and transport of membrane-bound and secretory proteins. The SER engaged in producing a lot of lipids, vitamins, carbohydrates, steroid hormones and also in the process of detoxification of the cell.

Label Name of structure Function

G Chloroplast These are the major organelle found in plants including algae. These are double membranous organelles with their own DNA and are responsible for synthesis of food, storage of starch, etc. Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis that bear chlorophyll pigment.

Label Name of structure Function

H Vacuole These are the non-cytoplasmic areas bounded by a single membrane bilayer present in the cytoplasm. It contains digestive enzymes and various dissolved minerals. It maintains the water balance of the cell. It provides structural supports to the cell. It also involves in the waste disposal.

Label Name of structure Function

I Tonoplast It is the membrane that surrounds the vacuoles in the cell. It separates the content of vacuoles from the cytoplasm. It allows the uphill transport of ions

Label Name of structure Function

J Starch grain It is the insoluble granule present inside the chloroplast that helps to store starch in the plant cells. It provides food for plants.

The transmission electron microscope shows parts of two palisade cells from a leaf. Identify the labelled structures and write a brief statement about their function in a table.

Important Questions on Cell Structure

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