Two compounds, A and D, each have the formula ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_9\mathrm{Cl}$. Compound A is reacted with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce compound B with a formula of ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_{10}\mathrm{O}$.

Compound B is then oxidized with acidified potassium manganate(VII) to produce compound C with a formula of ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_8\mathrm{O}$.

Compound C resists further oxidation by acidified potassium manganate(VII).

Compound D is reacted with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce compound E with a formula of ${\mathrm{C}}_4{\mathrm{H}}_{10}\mathrm{O}$.

Compound E does not react with acidified potassium manganate(VII). Deduce the structural formulas for compounds A, B, C, D, and E

Alkenes are an economically and chemically important family of organic compounds.

The reaction of alkenes with bromine water provides a test for unsaturation in the laboratory. Describe the colour change when bromine water is added to chloroethene.

Alkenes are an economically and chemically important family of organic compounds.

Deduce the Lewis structure of chloroethene and identify the formula of the repeating unit of the polymer poly(chloroethene).

Alkenes are an economically and chemically important family of organic compounds.

Besides polymerization, state two commercial uses of the reactions of alkenes.

Chloroethene, ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{Cl}$, is an important organic compound used to manufacture the polymer poly(chloroethene).

Draw the Lewis structure for chloroethene and predict the $\mathrm{H}–\mathrm{C}–\mathrm{Cl}$ bond angle.

Chloroethene, ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{Cl}$, is an important organic compound used to manufacture the polymer poly(chloroethene).

Draw a section of poly(chloroethene) containing six carbon atoms.

Chloroethene, ${\mathrm{C}}_2{\mathrm{H}}_3\mathrm{Cl}$, is an important organic compound used to manufacture the polymer poly(chloroethene).

Outline why the polymerization of alkenes is of economic importance and why the disposal of plastics is a problem.