How will you obtain Formic acid from oxalic acid? (Give chemical equations only).

In the laboratory, formic acid can be obtained by heating oxalic acid in glycerol and extraction by steam distillation. Glycerol acts as a catalyst, as the reaction proceeds through a glyceryl oxalate intermediate. If the reaction mixture is heated to higher temperatures, allyl alcohol results.

How will you obtain Benzaldehyde from aniline? (Give chemical equations only).

Aromatic amine is treated with sodium nitride in presence of the hydrochloric acid produces benzene diazonium chloride which on further reaction with potassium cyanide produces benzonitrile. This benzonitrile can be reduced into benzaldehyde by treating with tin chloride. C 6 H 5 NH 2 → NaNO 2 / HCl C 6 H 5 N 2 Cl → KCN / Cu C 6 H 5 CN → H 3 O + SnCl 2 / HCl C 6 H 5 CHO .

How will you obtain Acetone from acetaldehyde? (Give chemical equations only).

To convert acetaldehyde to acetone, it is first reacted with the oxygen and results in the formation of the acid i.e. it undergoes oxidation and then, the acid so formed is made to react with the calcium hydroxide and the compound so formed when heated, results in the formation of the final product i.e. the acetone.

How will you obtain Ethyl amine from acetic acid? (Give chemical equations only).

The reaction of acetic acid with ammonia forms ammonium salts of carboxylic acid which on heating undergoes elimination to produce amide as acetamide. Reaction with lithium-aluminium hydride. The reduction of acetamide with lithium-aluminium hydride gives ethylamine as a product. CH 3 COOH + NH 3 → CH 3 COONH 4 → ∆ CH 3 CONH 2 → LiAlH 4 CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 .

How will you obtain Oxalic acid from formic acid? (Give chemical equations only).

Formic acid on reaction with NaOH gives Sodium Formate, which on being heated at 400 ° C yields sodium oxalate, which on further being treated with dilute hydrochloric acid yields Oxalic acid. HCOOH + NaOH → HCOONa + H 2 O . 2 HCOONa → ∆ / 400 ° C NaOOC - COONa . NaOOC - COONa + 2 HCl → HOOC - COOH + 2 NaCl .

What happens when Acetic acid is heated with PCl 5 ? (Give chemical equations only).

Acetic acid also called ethanoic acid, the most important of the carboxylic acids. A dilute (approximately 5 percent by volume) solution of acetic acid produced by fermentation and oxidation of natural carbohydrates is called vinegar. When acetic acid is heated with phosphorus pentachloride, acetyl chloride is obtained. In this reaction, − COOH group is converted to − COCl group.

What happens when Formaldehyde is reacted with CH 3 MgBr and the product is hydrolysed? (Give chemical equations only).

The substituents on the carbonyl dictate the nature of the product alcohol. Addition to methanal (formaldehyde) gives primary alcohols. A Grignard reagent is an organomagnesium halide having a formula of RMgX , where X is a halogen ( - Cl , - Br , or - I ), and R is an alkyl or aryl (based on a benzene ring) group. HCHO + CH 3 MgBr → - Mg Br OH H + / H 2 O CH 3 CH 2 OH .

What happens when Acetone is distilled with concentrated H 2 SO 4 ? (Give chemical equations only).

The process begins with the conversion of a ketone or an aldehyde to an enol first, which then attacks another aldehyde group or ketone group (which has been activated by the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen) to form carbon-carbon structures. So, here let us consider three molecules of acetone will undergo auto condensation in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid, which will further eliminate three molecules of water and forming a product 1 , 3 , 5 −TrimethylBenzene, which is commonly called as “Mesitylene”.

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EMBIBE CHAPTER WISE PREVIOUS YEAR PAPERS FOR CHEMISTRY>Chapter -1 - Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids>Uttar Pradesh Board-2019>Q 12

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What happens when Benzaldehyde reacts with concentrated $NaOH$ ? (Give chemical equations only).

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