Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. It identifies the characteristics we genetically acquire from our parents and our ancestors.

Mutation is a sudden random change in the genetic material of a cell that may cause it to differ in appearance or behaviour from the normal type. Types of Mutations : Point Mutation : A change in a single base pair of DNA, such as a substitution of one base for another. For e.g., changing Adenine (A) to Guanine (G). Insertion : The addition of one or more extra base pairs into the DNA sequence. Deletion : The removal of one or more base pairs from the DNA sequence. Frameshift Mutation : Insertions or deletions that shift the reading frame of the genetic code, potentially altering all subsequent amino acids in a protein.