Explain the principle and working of Nuclear Reactor with the help of labelled diagram. If one microgram of U 92 235 is completely destroyed in an atom bomb, how much energy will be released?

NUCLEAR REACTOR: A nuclear reactor is a device to produces nuclear energy based on controlled nuclear chain reaction. Principle of nuclear reactor: It works on the principle of achieving a controlled chain reaction of Uranium enriched with U 235 and as a result generating huge amount of energy. The chain reaction is controlled by slowing down the fission neutrons to thermal neutrons by using a moderator. The reaction rate is maintained by controlled rods that can absorb neutrons Working: 1. Neutron induced fission releases energy plus extra fast neutrons. 2. Fast neutrons are slowed down by a “moderator” such as water or graphite, allowing chain reaction to occur. 3. Chain reaction is controlled by controlling the condition of the moderator, or by use of neutron absorbing materials (e.g. cadmium control rods) 4. Heat is removed by some form of heat exchanger where it is used to run a heat engine. Given the amount of uranium destroyed= 1 μgm = 10 - 9 kg . Complete destruction of this mass will emit energy as given by the Einstein's mass energy relation i.e E = m c 2 , where m = mass, and c = velocity of light = 3 × 10 8 m s - 1 Substituting the given values, we have Energy released= E = 1 × 10 - 9 × 3 × 10 8 2 = 9 × 10 7 J

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What is an uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction?

Important Questions on Nuclear Physics

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Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

A nuclear fuel rod generates energy at a rate of

5 \times 10^{8} W m^{- 3} .

It is in the shape of a cylinder of radius

4.0 mm

and length

0.20 m .

A coolant of specific heat

4 \times 10^{3} J {kg}^{- 1} K^{- 1}

flows, past it at a rate of,

0.2 kg s^{- 1}

. The temperature rise in this coolant is approximately,

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

In nuclear reactor, cadmium rods are used as:

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Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Briefly describe the working of a nuclear reactor.

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Draw the diagram of a nuclear power reactor and label the following part.

The part that confines neutrons to the core

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Mention one misuse of nuclear fission reaction.

HARD

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Explain the process of release of energy in a nuclear reactor. Draw a schematic diagram of a nuclear reactor and write the function of each part.

EASY

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Name a material which is used in making control rods in a nuclear reactor.

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Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Explain the principle and working of a nuclear reactor with the help of a labelled diagram.

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

What kind of nuclear reaction produces energy in a nuclear reactor?

EASY

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

In a nuclear reactor, the following fission reaction occurs

${}_{92}^{235}U + {}_{0}^{1}n \to {}_{56}^{141}{Ba} + {}_{36}^{92}{Kr} + neutrons$

Control rods made of Cadmium are inserted to remove extra neutrons. How many neutrons need to be removed for each of the above reactions so that the reactor remains critical?

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Draw the diagram of a nuclear power reactor and label the following part.

Radiation shield.

EASY

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Write the function of coolant used in nuclear reactor.

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Explain the principle and working of Nuclear Reactor with the help of labelled diagram.

If one microgram of ${}_{92}^{235}U$ is completely destroyed in an atom bomb, how much energy will be released?

EASY

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Explain the process of release of energy in a nuclear reactor. Draw a schematic diagram of the nuclear reactor.

HARD

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Explain the principle and working of a nuclear reactor with the help of a labelled diagram.

HARD

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Suppose a

{}_{88}^{226}{R a}

nucleus at rest and in ground state undergoes

α

-decay to a

{}_{86}^{222}{R n}

nucleus in its excited state. The kinetic energy of the emitted

α

particle is found to be

4.44 M e V . {}_{86}^{222}R n

nucleus then goes to its ground state by

γ

-decay. The energy of the emitted

γ

-photon is _______

k e V,

[Given: atomic mass of

_{88}^{226} R a = 226.005 u,

atomic mass of

_{86}^{222} R n = 222.000 u,

atomic mass of

α

particle

= 4.000 u, 1 u = 931 M e V / c^{2}, c

is speed of the light]

MEDIUM

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

2 M e V

neutron is emitted in a fission reactor. If it looses half of its kinetic energy in each collision with a moderator atom, how many collisions must it undergo to achieve thermal energy of

0.039 e V

EASY

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

A nuclear reactor delivers a power of

10^{9} W

. What is the amount of fuel consumed by the reactor in one hour ?

EASY

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

A chain reaction is possible when the mass of the fuel is greater than the

HARD

Physics>Modern Physics>Nuclear Physics>Nuclear Reactor

Explain the principle and working of a nuclear reactor with the help of a labelled diagram.

What is an uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction?

Important Questions on Nuclear Physics

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