The mycorrhiza is the symbiotic association between fungi and the roots of higher plants. This is an example of mutualism in which both the partners are benefited. The fungal partner helps the plant in the solubilisation and absorption of minerals from the soil while the plant provides food and shelter to the fungi.

The ability of an organism to keep the internal environment constant despite drastic changes in the external conditions is called homeostasis. An example of homeostasis is maintaining the body temperature in the human being at 37 o C. For example, in summers, when the outside temperature is more than our body temperature, we sweat profusely. Cooling of the body occurs as sweat evaporates. Similarly, shivering occurs in the winters to generate body heat.

The state of dormancy during summer where the inactivation of the physiological activities and lowering of the rate of metabolism takes place to avoid excessive desiccation due to heat during the high environmental temperature is called aestivation. It is also called summer sleep. Example: Ground squirrels in South Western desert lie in an inactive state inside the burrow during a hot dry period.

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NCERT Exemplar Biology - Class 12>Chapter 13 - Organisms and Populations>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS>Q 6

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What is commensalism?

Important Questions on Organisms and Populations

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NCERT Exemplar Biology - Class 12>Chapter 13 - Organisms and Populations>VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS>Q 7

The association in which one species produces a poisonous substance or a change in environmental conditions that is harmful to another species but itself remains unaffected is mutualism or amensalism?